Is Thoir-Láir India baile chun líon mór de groves naofa. Tá sé Creidtear go bhfuil na groves teach deity a dtugtar Sarna Mata. De réir creidimh áitiúil, Sarna Mata tar éis fás míshásta leis an meath sí feicthe sna groves thar na fiche nó tríocha bliain anuas. Anois, Cuireann sí í féin in aigne na mban dúchasach áitiúil, i bhfoirm trances seilbh. Tá sé seo ina chúis le gluaiseacht na cosanta, athbheochan agus a ath-chruthú groves naofa. Is éard na groves de ghnáth de bhraisle de go príomha Sal (Shorea Robusta) crainn, chomh maith le roinnt samplaí de speiceas crann eile.
"Everyone worships the God of the Sky, they need to remember the Goddess of the Earth" - Phulmani Toppo: devotee of Sarna Mata.
Bagairtí The threats to these sacred natural sites are primarily the threats to the ecofeminist movement, seachas bagairtí díreacha chuig an éiceachórais áitiúil. Is é an bhagairt is suntasaí agus is léir a ghabhann leis an ghluaiseacht patriarchy Indiach. Is é an ionchas submissiveness baininscneach forleathan san India agus mar thoradh air sin go bhfuil an ghluaiseacht ecofeminist bhreathnaigh ar a bhfuil drochamhras ag roinnt grúpaí sóisialta. Cásanna de na fir na mná ionsaí a théann isteach suíomh nádúrtha naofa a tharla. I gcásanna eile, mná ritualising a bheith cúisithe witchcraft.
Choimeádaithe
Is é an Mata Sarna ghluaiseacht cás aisteach mar is cosúil a thionscnamh a bheidh i athbheochan spontáineach reiligiúnach ar an adhartha de Earth-bhunaithe deity Sarna spioradálta Mata ag mná de fine go príomha ar an Oraon. Is Sarna Mata ar bandia réamh-Sanskritic dúchasacha agus tá sé intuigthe fada a bheith ar an compatriot baineann an deity uachtaracha fireann.
Cé go raibh rannpháirtíocht na mban sa taboo adhradh traidisiúnta dheasghnáthaíocha de groves naofa, mná mar anois i gcroílár na ngníomhaíochtaí reiligiúnacha. De réir na mná, an t-athrú radacach ghlac cruth linn trances seilbh a chreideann siad iad féin ina sheilbh ag an deity Mata Sarna. Cé gur i seilbh an greim de, Bheadh na mná vocalize cad a chreid siad a bheith ar an bandia an fearg ar an meath ar an ardán sochaíocha, ar an gcomhshaol agus an chuid is mó go sonrach, h wrath ag an faillí ar thaobh an groves naofa i gcás gceannas sí. Mná a bhfuil taithí acu ar na trances seilbh sna céimeanna luath den tuarascáil gluaiseacht á threorú chuig láithreáin nádúrtha naofa a bhí dearmad déanta ag a n-pobail. Tá an fionnachtain Sarna Mata i an doimhneacht a Chonaic féin ar fáil ar na mná agus daoine eile a bhfuil an fuinneamh a chur suas ar an cúis leis an athghiniúint groves naofa - tasc a bhfuil siad iad féin a thiomnú le zeal is mó. Faoi láthair, Is éard seo gluaiseacht Sarna grúpaí éagsúla Mata, scaipthe ar fud na réigiún Thoir-Láir An India.
Fís
Is iad na grúpaí ban a chéile sna groves naofa atá suite i braisle beagnach gach sráidbhaile sa réigiún leasmhara i dteacht ar iad féin isteach i gcomhlachtaí a dtugtar féinchabhrach grúpaí, urraithe ag an stáit agus eagraíochtaí neamhrialtasacha. Bheadh na feidhmiú mar micrea-mhaoiniú aonaid, Ba mhaith agus ar chumas na mban a thionscnamh micrea-fhiontair a bhaineann le monarú agus díol táirgí lámhdhéanta.
Comhghuaillíocht
The Sama Mata movement has successfully campaigned for financial support of the government to build walls encircling the groves and have been successful in obtaining it. As a movement, their communitarian worship is supported by many men – and significantly by some politicians. This movement has even given rise to a regional political party.
Gníomh
Sa lá atá inniu, one can see these women conducting religious services in sacred groves every week, complete with rituals of their own invention.
They plant and devotionally care for new saplings of Sal (Shorea Robusta) and Karam (Nauclea parvifolia), and surround these saplings with toxic perennials to avoid them from being grazed upon.
Besides, they organise petitions in order to collect money for the protection of the sacred natural sites, and they are gradually becoming more politically involved.
Torthaí
In existing sacred groves, no one is allowed to cut trees, and new saplings are flourishing under the women’s devotional care. The strengthening of the movement results in biodiversity conservation and forestation of existing or neglected sacred groves, thereby re-establishing Sarna Mata’s power. Cínte, even new sacred groves have been created. They are believed to be forgotten sacred groves from the past, remembered through trance rituals.
This movement has given birth to a new feminist consciousness with enormous discursive impact, leading to more widespread nature conservation in rural East-Central India.
- Birsa Sanskritic Sangrakshan Samiti is an NGO founded by the grassroots level leaders of the movement. It is committed to social-economic, environmental and cultural empowerment of the marginalised indigenous communities which constitute the mass base of the Sarna movement.
- Borde R. (2010) An Devi mar Ecofeminist Trodaí: Éileamh ar ais ar an Ról an Láithreáin Nádúrtha Ró-Naofa i Thoir-Láir An India. I Verschuuren, Fiáin, McNeely agus Oviedo, Láithreáin Nádúrtha Naofa, Cineál Caomhnú agus Cultúr, Earth Scan, Londain.