I 4^th Izincwadi, Imingcele kanye ne-Bikes Festival Festival wabanjelwa endaweni yokuhlala ende kunazo zonke eScotland, I-Traquair House emfuleni i-Tweed emingceleni yaseScotland. Kuhlelwe Ngaphezulu KweBorder Scotland Kungumkhosi Ohlukile Wezincwadi Nomcabango ohlanganisa ndawonye ababhali abaholayo, osopolitiki, amasosha, Abameli nabaculi ukudingida izihloko ezihambelana neqhaza lezinhlangano zeScotland emhlabeni jikelele emhlabeni. Izinkulumo ezimbili "Ukuqonda Umhlaba WamaSulumane" kanye "Neraq Iminyaka Eyishumi: Iziphi izifundo zeSyria ne-U.N.?"NABANTU NABO BONKE EZIVIKELAYO. I-SNSI Coordinator, URobert Wild wabamba iqhaza emicimbini emibili; Ukuhamba okunesihloko esithi "Uma Izihlahla Zingakhuluma – Babezothini?", nenkulumo ku- "neuroscience yezingosi zasendulo nezingcwele zemvelo".

ISonto ekuseni ukuhamba 'Iphrojekthi yesayensi ekhulumayo'Ngokubambisana neLanga laseRoyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Kuhlolisise isimo somlando esingokomlando futhi sathola izindaba zezihlahla zalo ezimangalisayo (www.traquair.co.uk). Ian Edward, Inhloko yemicimbi eRoyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, kwaholela enkulumweni emlandweni we-bio-hlaba kanye nokuhlangana kwamasiko kwezihlahla zefa kubandakanya neww, Eluhlaza, Isiliva fir ne-hazel. Catherine Maxwell Stuart, umnikazi futhi umndeni wawo ubekhona 300 Iminyaka inikeze umlando wezihlahla.

Iqembu liqediwe ngengxoxo endaweni ecabangayo edalwe ama-yew asendulo okungenzeka ukuthi asindile kusukela ngesikhathi se-Ettrick Forest manje ye-Traquick House - indawo yokuzingelela yokuzingelela kwamakhosi amaScotland kusukela azungeze 1107 - kwasekuqaleni kwatholakala. URobert wabuza ukuthi uma izihlahla zingakhuluma zingaba nemibuzo embalwa yethu: Wenzeni ku-Ettrick Forest? Yini emhlabeni oyenzile kuhhafu wamahlathi emhlabeni? Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi usinakekela izihlahla? Empeleni sikunakekela!

Ukulandela ukuhamba inkulumo yenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-chapel egcwele. Enesihloko esithi "I-neuroscience yezindawo zemvelo zasendulo nezingcwele: WIzindawo Zasendulo Zivusa Ukubamba Okunamandla Kangaka Kwisiko Lethu Futhi Kufanele Kuvikelwe Ngezikhathi Zempi ", Inkulumo ihlose amasayithi angcwele wemvelo futhi yenza izixhumanisi zokuqonda okuvesheni kwe-neuroscience.

URobert waqala ukuthi athi amasayithi angcwele wemvelo angachazwa njengezindawo lapho ingqondo yomuntu ihlangabezana khona nemvelo. Wabona ukuthi i-traquif chapel (okuvame ukuguqulwa kwale nhloso ku 1829) wayenezinkomba ezimbalwa zemvelo kepha kungenzeka ukuthi zonke izikhala zethu ezingcwele zithathwe ekuqaleni kwemvelo.

URobert waqhubeka nokuchaza izingosi zemvelo ezingcwele kwaba nokuthi kungani zithole intshisekelo yenhlangano yokongiwa kwamanye amazwe. Abasebenzi bemvelo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo banentshisekelo enkulu kakhulu kumasayithi angcwele wemvelo njengoba evikela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlobo ezingandile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba sesingenile manje 7^th Umcimbi omkhulu wokuqothulwa, Ngamakhulu ezinhlobo zezilwane ziqothuka nsuku zonke. Ngale kwalokho, Nokho, Izindawo zemvelo ezingcwele zibuye zishumeke isethi ejulile yama-archetypes of ubudlelwano babantu esingayifunda ekubekeni indlela eqhubekayo yesintu.

Umqondo owodwa onjalo lowo 'SANCTRED' Lokho kubonakala kungukungenisa okuqondile okuvela kuma-groves asendulo angcwele aseYurophu esontweni lokuqala lobuKristu. Indlu engcwele yavuka emidlalweni engcwele yaseYurophu lapho, Akukho ukuzingela okuvunyelwe futhi uma isilwane esizingelwayo sathola isiphephelo esiholeni esingcwele lapho ukuzingela kwafanele kuyeke. Ama-'ulitivest angabantu angathola indawo engcwele esikhwameni esingcwele. Iningi lalezi zinhlinzeko zisabambelele kuma-roges angcwele e-Afrika nase-Asia. Ngesinye isikhathi lesi simiso se-Sabungcwele sidluliselwe esontweni.

Ekugcineni, Futhi ngaphambi kokungena kwi-neuroscience of the ngcwele, URob ugxile ezingosini ezingcwele njengezindawo ezingaba khona zokunciphisa izingxabano. URob wethule isibonelo esanda kwabelwa ozakwabo e Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Kwamasiko Esisiko ngendaba ya- 2010 Impikiswano yeKyrgyz lapho kubulawa khona amakhulukhulu abantu futhi izinkulungwane zasuswa ngaphakathi ukungqubuzana phakathi kweKyrgyz kanye ne-Uzbeks eningizimu yezwe. Iningi labahlali abadingisiwe lathola isiphephelo esizeni esingcwele ukuba yindawo ephephile ngesikhathi sezingxabano:

"IKamchieva Mopasha ngowesifazane onobuhlanga uzbek futhi 'shayks'Noma umnakekeli wesayithi athi: “Lapho kunenhlekelele, abantu beza kule shrine futhi baphephela ". Ngokusho kwakhe, Ekuphakameni kwengxabano ngoJuni 2010, [Abantu abaningi] waya lapho nobabili no-kyrgyz kanye nozbeks, Kepha bebengabuzi ukuthi ngubani, [kepha] Ngokubambisana banikela ngomhlatshelo kuNkulunkulu, Ukuncenga ukubuyiselwa kokuthula nokuzwana. Ama-Pilgrim amaningi ayehlale kulezo zinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu [kwezingxabano] emaphethelweni eMazar (Isayithi Elingcwele). Nga- [omunye umuntu oxoxisana naye] Kusho u-Akbarov Salbar, "Akekho okhaleni noma ngomlomo owodwa olimele". Omunye obonayo wathi izindawo ezingcwele ziyizindawo ezingezona udlame, nezindawo eziningi lapho kuthathwa khona izinyathelo ukunqoba ubudlova ".

Ngalesi sikhathi uRobert wabe esedlulisela kuma-Tim Phillips. Tim ngumenzi wokuthula waphesheya kanye nomsunguli we I-Harvard University Project on Justice in Times of Transition futhi ubambe iqhaza ezingxoxweni eziningi zokuthula kubandakanya ne-Ireland yaseNyakatho ye-Ireland, I-Sri Lanka neMpumalanga Ephakathi.

UTim wethule isiyalo esivelayo se-neuroscience futhi waxoxa ngezifundo zakamuva ezifundwa maqondana nokuxazululwa kwengxabano. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezahlukene zephethini yokucabanga zicutshungulwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zobuchopho. Izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zenqubo yobuchopho imizwa ehlukene nemicabango evumelana nezigaba zokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ukucatshangelwa okunengqondo manje sekuqiniswa ukuthi kucutshungulwe engxenyeni ehlukile yobuchopho ebibanjelwe kakhulu kanye namagugu angcwele. Lezi zingqondo ezintsha zinemiphumela enkulu ngendlela esixoxisa ngayo ngezinkinga ezithile. Lokhu kunjalo lapho kubonakala sengathi izixazululo ezinengqondo ezibunjwe ngokujulile noma amanani angcwele ngeke abhekwe kalula ngamaqembu axoxisanayo.

Izindawo zemvelo ezingcwele ziye zaqhutshwa izingodo ngesikhathi esifanayo izindawo zokuthula nokubambisana. Baphinde bashumeke amamodeli abucayi wobudlelwano babantu nemvelo. Ngesikhathi lapho ubudlelwano bethu nemvelo budinga ukuphulukiswa okukhulu; Okomoya, Ukuqonda kweSayensi nezenhlalo kokuziphatha komuntu nezenzo kubalulekile.