Ngalesi sihloko singathanda ukukucela ukuthi ucabange ngokuqagela nangeqhaza ngeqhaza lesayensi kanye nokunweba lokho okulondoloziwe nokwenza izinqubomgomo maqondana neziza zemvelo ezingcwele. Ngokuqondene, Sikumema ukuthi ubhekele ukubaluleka kokuthi izingosi zemvelo ezingcwele zibambe emehlweni ezinceku zazo kanye nemiphakathi (Isibonelo sombono onjalo, Bona isitatimende sabagcini bezinkampani zemvelo ezingcwele nezindawo, 2008).
Emsebenzini wayo, Engcwele Yemvelo Amasayithi Initiative (SNSI) Isekela abagcini kanye nemiphakathi yabo ukuvikela, Gcina futhi uvuselele amasayithi wemvelo angcwele. Ukuthatha indlela ephelele emhlabathini, I-Snsi isekela abagcini ekuhlonzeni nasekwakheni imibono yabo, amandla nezinsizakusebenza bese kubasiza ukuthi bahambisane nalokhu ngezinsizakusebenza zangaphandle nangobudlelwano. I-SNSI futhi isiza ekwenzeni amazwi e-Deadedian azwakale kwi-Arena yamazwe omhlaba kanye nenhlangano ebenza inqubomgomo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abasekeli bezindawo zemvelo ezingcwele kanye nabagcini babo basebenza ndawonye, Yabelana ngesipiliyoni futhi ufinyelele olwazini lwakamuva nezinto zokwakha.
Umhlangano ukudingida ucwaningo kanye Izivumelwano okulonda Ashera ezingcwele Tanchara Community eNorth West Ghana. I Centre for Indigenous Knowledge kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenhlangano eGhana ubelokhu ebasekela ucwaningo emphakathini nasesikhathini eside okuholele ekutheni ibe protocol emphakathini. Inqubo edinga umphakathi ukuthi isungule izivumelwano futhi isebenze ngama-NGO ambalwa angaphandle – ezifana Ngcwele Natural Sites Initiative – futhi lokhu kwaphumela ekwaziweni ukujanyiswa ezimayini zegolide kanye nohlelo lokongiwa kwemvelo for o-Ashera babo ezingcwele. Umthombo: Daniel Banuoku Faalubelange.
Ukusebenza ngqo nabagcini bezindawo zemvelo ezingcwele – njengabantu bomdabu namaqembu okukholwa – ngokushesha kudalula eyodwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwazi nokubona umhlaba. Lezi zibuyekezo ezahlukahlukene zinokuningi ongakunikeza ukubusa, Isayensi kanye nokuphatha ngokuvamile, Kepha zibaluleke kakhulu ekusindeni nasekulondolozeni izingosi zemvelo ezingcwele eziningi. Yize izikhungo zamazwe omhlaba ziyavuma ngokwengeziwe ukuthi abagcini bemikhosi nemiphakathi yabo bangaba ngabaphathi abaphumelelayo bokwehlukahlukana kwemvelo kanye namasiko, Kusekhona indlela ende yokuthola ukuqashelwa kwezindawo ezingcwele zemvelo ngokwazo. Okufanayo kuyiqiniso ngokuhlonipha i-intrinsic, ubuntu, amalungelo amasiko nezenkolo abagcini babo.
Singakuthuthukisa kanjani ukuqashelwa nokuhlonipha ukubaluleka kwezindawo zemvelo ezingcwele, kufaka phakathi ubudlelwane obunenjongo abanakho kanye nemiphakathi yabo baye bakhula nalezo zindawo, imvamisa izizukulwane eziningi?
Ukusebenza ngokubambisana neSsiren neSanasi (Idatha yomhlaba kumasayithi wemvelo angcwele) usinikeze ithuba lokushintshana ngemibono futhi ngithuthukise izimpendulo zethu kulo mbuzo, Futhi lokhu kuya ngokuya kuboniswa ngendlela esihlela ngayo umsebenzi wethu kanye nezimo zengqondo. Siyabona ukuthi okuningi kwalokhu kwehla ukuze kugcinwe inqubo eqhubekayo yokubonisana nabagcini, kanye nokusebenzisa izimilo ezifanele, Imihlahlandlela kanye nemvume yamahhala yangaphambili yangaphambilini (FPIC) Izivumelwano, lapho lokho kudingeka. Taking ethics into account in the field of science can be especially challenging because of different opinions on what constitutes good science and how it should be practiced.
In our collaboration with SANASI we stumbled across this quote taken from an article on the Mijikenda Kayas (sacred forests on the coast of Kenya) by Kaingu Kalume Tinga, a scientist manager of a community-based organization (Kalume Tinga, 2004):
Constructive research has been inhibited because the traditional custodians are extremely conservative and also because of the researchers’ lack of openness about the aims and objectives, amalungelo, obligations and benefits of the research projects to the community. Informants thus withhold invaluable information as security against the scholars; Baphinde bavame ukwesaba abacwaningi abavela ngaphandle komphakathi wabo. Okokugcina, Ngemuva kocwaningo, Imiphakathi esembozo ayitholi impendulo emiphumeleni - okutholakele kungaba yisayensi kakhulu yesayensi yokusetshenziswa yimiphakathi esemphathi noma abanakho imininingwane.
Lesi sicaphuno sinikeza umyalezo ocacile – Abagcini bangase bamukele isayensi, ikakhulukazi lapho bebona ukuthi banengxenye kuyo, ingalawula inqubo futhi ibone ukuthi imiphumela ingasiza ukuqhubekisela phambili imbangela yazo. Nokho, Kukhona futhi nalabo abanokuhlangenwe nakho okungekuhle, baye bangabaza noma bakholwe ukuthi okunye, Izindlela zangaphandle zokwazi njengesayensi zinendima encane okufanele ziyidlale maqondana namasayithi abo emvelo angcwele. Isibonelo samuva singatholakala esitatimendeni semithetho ejwayelekile yesiko lase-Afrika ukuvikela amasayithi angcwele (2012).
Ipulatifomu yokuqala kwimigomo nemihlahlandlela ongayithola ngaphansi kwezindlela nezindlela.
Kokubili izindlela ukuphathwa kusuka e-Australia (I-Yunupingu ne-Muller 2009), futhi ngamehlo amabili abona eCanada (Bartlett et al. 2012) amele okuhlangenwe nakho okunamandla nezinkulumo zokuhlanganisa isayensi yasentshonalanga nengamdabu, Izinkolelo nemikhuba ngendlela ehlonishwayo nenamandla ezindleleni zokwazi. Lezi zibonelo zisikisela imodeli lapho abacwaningi bacelwa khona isimo sengqondo esivulekile ekuthuthukiseni ucwaningo; imibuzo, ukusongoza icebo, Ukuqoqwa kwedatha, Ukuhlaziywa nokwabelana ngemiphumela kwenziwa ngendlela ebamba iqhaza kanye nendlela yokuhlangana.
Ngenkathi kuyiqiniso ukuthi iningi lamanyuvesi kanye nezikhungo zokucwaninga kulezi zinsuku zokuziphatha zinekhodi yokuziphatha yokuziphatha, Lokhu akuzange kuthuthukiswe ngokuqondile ukufaka zonke izinzwa ezihlobene namasayithi wemvelo angcwele. I-Code of Emics of the International Society of Ethnobiolgy (Kanti, 2006) mhlawumbe umhlahlandlela ophelele kakhulu ocela umgomo ophelele we-'Nempingness 'ocwaningweni nasekubekeni izinqubo mahhala, Isivumelwano Sangaphambilini Nokwaziswa (FPIC), futhi uzokufanelekela ukukhushulwa okukhulu.
Umphakathi Wokuzilolonga wokufunda kokuhlangenwe nakho kwalowo nalowo nalowo kanye nokwenza ngcono amathuluzi, Izindlela nezindlela ezitholakalayo zingabaluleke kakhulu ekulondolozeni kwezindawo zemvelo ezingcwele. Ngakho-ke singathanda ukumema abacwaningi, ochwepheshe kanye nabagcini ukuze babelane ngolwazi lwabo nemibono yabo. Kulabo abanesithakazelo, Siphinde sincome nokubhekisisa okusondele ekuqondisweni, Amaphrothokholi namakhodi wokuziphatha okutholakala emkhakheni wakho ukuze ubone ukuthi ngabe ayaziwa ngemibono ephethwe ngabagcini. Sihlose ukuqoqa nokuhlanganisa imibono yakho futhi sihlanganise kwidokhumenti esingakubuyisela kuwe ukuze sixoxiswe futhi sibuyekezwe kabusha. Ngokusekelwa ngokwanele, Umgomo wesikhathi eside kungaba ukuthuthukisa 'indlela yokuziphatha "yabacwaningi kanye nabaqeqeshi bezokulondolozwa okusebenza kumasayithi angcwele wemvelo. Ngisheshe, futhi kuya ngentshiseko yakho nezimpendulo, Sihlela ukuthuthukisa phezulu 10 Imihlahlandlela yabacwaningi kanye nabasebenza ngokulondolozwa kokulondolozwa, esiphakamisa ukwethula empikiswaneni ezayo ye-ssiren.
Siyabonga ngokufaka kwakho futhi sikwazise noma yiziphi izixhumanisi nezinto ozicabanga ukuthi kufanele sabelane nabanye ngeplatifomu ngezindlela nezindlela esakha njengomthombo wawo wonke umuntu. Sicela uxhumane nathi ku-info@sacrentargaltites.org futhi, Kulabo abangathanda ukuthi abanye bangemuva bazizwe, Unganqikazi ukulanda Isingeniso Isahluko Ukuvikela Izindawo Zemvelo Ezingcwele.
Izinkomba
Ubhirttt, C., Ipho, M., Ipho, A., 2012. Ukubona okusekwe ezimbili nezinye izifundo ezifundwe ngaphakathi kwe-co- Uhambo lokufunda lokuhlanganisa ndawonye imininingwane yendabuko kanye nezazi ezijwayelekile kanye nezindlela zokwazi. Ijenali Yezemvelo Izifundo Nesayensi 2(4): 331-340.
International Society of Ethnobiology (Kanti), 2006. I-International Society of Ethnobiology Code of Ethics (ne- 2008 okungezweyo). http://ethnobiology.net/code-of-ohics/
Kalume Tinga, K., 2004. Isethulo kanye nokuhunyushwa kwamasayithi amasiko: IMijikenda Kaya. IMnyuziyamu International 56(3): 8-14.
Yunupingu, D., Umphathi, S., 2009. Uhambo lokuhlelwa lwasolwandle lwasolwandle lwe-Dhimurru: Amathuba nezinselelo zokuhlangana nezifiso ze-Yolngu kubaphathi bezwe lasolwandle e-Northern Territory, Australia. Ijenali yase-Australalian yokulawulwa kwemvelo 16: 158-167.
