Ezifundeni zikaKhumbu noFaro, phezulu phezulu eNepalese Himalaya, aqambe amanga u-sagaramatha (Mount Everest) Ipaki Kazwelonke neBuffer Zone. Le ndawo iyikhaya likaSherbet Buddhist Sherpa selokhu athuthela ngaphakathi 1533.
Abahlali bakwaSherpa babheka amasayithi athile eKhumbu njengengcwele ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
Okuvikelwe; Kuqashwa, kuvikelekile ekulimaleni, Kuvikelwe ngempumelelo ekulahlekelweni noma ekulimazeni okuseduze ezindaweni ezinomdabu, izindawo zikahulumeni noma zezenkolo ezivikelwe.
izinsongo
Imali yomndeni ephakathi eNepal iphakathi kokuphansi emhlabeni jikelele, mayelana 400 amadola ngonyaka. Selokhu iNepal yavula imingcele yayo ngaphakathi 1951, amanani ezokuvakasha anda kakhulu. Lokhu kubangele ushintsho kungokomoya lukaSherpa, ikakhulukazi izizukulwane ezisencane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi ezingama-non-Sherpa Nepali ziya ngokuya zibamba iqhaza emnothweni wezokuvakasha; nokho kufana nezivakashi, abanazo izinkolelo ezifanayo nokuhlonipha imvelo yendawo njengoba kwenza uSherpa ongumBuddha.
OkweSherpa, pre-Buddhist Bon shamanism kanye namanye amasiko angokomoya ahlanganiswe neNyingma Buddhism. Zinezindinganiso eziningi zefilosofi ezikhuthaza ukuziphatha okuzinza ngokwengeziwe emvelweni, njengezihlahla zokugawula izihlahla, ukungcolisa imithombo yamanzi nokubulala izilwane. Babona iningi lemvelo yabo yemvelo, zombili izintaba nezigodi, njengengcwele, futhi uwahlukanise njengevikelwe onkulunkulu nemimoya ehlukene.
Isigodi sonke, obizwa ngoBeyul, ungcwele ngoba umsunguli weBuddan Buddhism, UPadmasambhava noma uGuru Rinpoche babekela lesi sigodi nabanye eceleni kwabalandeli bakhe ngezikhathi zosizi. Ngaphakathi kwalezi zigodi, izakhamizi zivinjelwe ukubulala noma ukulimaza izidalwa ezinobuntu kusukela kubantu ziye ezilwaneni kuya ezitshalweni futhi esikhundleni salokho ziyakhuthazeka ukuba zenze imigomo yomusa nobubele. Uma le mithetho ilandelwa, izakhamizi ze-beyul zizovikelwa.
Izintaba indlu evikela izithixo (Yul-Lha) Ubukhona bakhe kungenzeka ukuthi buqala ngaphambi kokufika kukaBuddha eTibet. Namuhla, lezi zithixo ziboshwe isifungo sokuvela kabusha njengabavikeli boBuddha. Sinenkosi abangane ngesimo izilwane zasendle, imfuyo nezinye izidalwa ezinganekwane, ezihlala zingalimazi abantu bendawo. Ukukhwela lezi zintaba ngokwesiko kuvinjelwe, futhi laba bawonkulunkulu kumele bathokoziswe ngezipho ezinjengephunga elimnandi notshwala. Amanye amahlathi, izihlahla ezingcwele, imithombo yamanzi namadwala kuyabonakala futhi lapho kuhlalwa khona yimimoya ethile yesiza, njengoLu, onganikeza ingcebo nokuphila okude emndenini, kodwa futhi kungadala ubunzima, imvamisa ngesimo sokugula ngokomzimba okungalashwa kuphela yi-shaman.
UJomo Miyo Lang Samba ungunkulukazi ohlala eNtabeni i-Everest. Kukholakala ukuthi uhlinzeke ngengcebo kubantu bakwaSherpa. I-Pangbuche Monestary, Nepal.
(Photo: spoon, J.)
Vision
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisa ukuthi ukusebenza kanye nomhlaba kanye nezindawo ezithuthukisa izinto zokomoya ngenkathi uqhuba ibhizinisi futhi ungahlanganyeli nomhlaba kube nomthelela ekuguguleni kwabo. Awukho umbono ocacile owakhelwe ukulwa nokuqothuka, kepha ubheka izimo zamanje, isenzo esinjalo singasiza kakhulu ukulondolozwa kwamasiko ezakhamuzi zasendaweni kanye nemvelo ebonakalayo.
Coalition
I-UNESCO kanye nohulumeni waseNepalese basebenzela ukuvikela iSagarmatha National Park. Basekelwa yiqembu labahlali abahlukahlukene epaki, umdlalo scouts, abasebenzi bezokuphatha kanye ne-Nepalese Army, abaphoqelela ukuphathwa. Okunye okusizwayo Amakomidi amathathu Okuphathwa Kwendawo eyi-Buffer Zone enabamele abakhethwe ngamaQembu Abasebenzisi abavela esifundeni ngasinye sokuphatha ngaphakathi kwePaki Yezwe neBuffer Zone. LamaKomidi anamandla okwenza umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa nokulondolozwa kwemvelo endaweni yawo ngokusebenzisa ingxenye yemali yokungena ePaki, ezibuyiselwa kubahlali bendawo. Izinhlangano ezinhlobonhlobo ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni (NGOs) futhi sisebenzisane nePaki kanye nabahlali bendawo ezinhlelweni zokongiwa kabusha kwezitshalo.
ISagarmatha National Park yahlukaniswa njengendawo evikelwe kuyo 1976. Ikhethwe njengesiza samagugu omhlaba se-UNESCO phakathi 1979. Ngosizo lukahulumeni waseNew Zealand, Indawo evikelwe yaba yinye yamapaki okuqala ezwe eNepal lapho kwaqashelwa khona izindawo zokuhlala zomdabu nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kusebenza, futhi kwaqalwa namathuba kubahlali bendawo ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zabo zamabhizinisi abavakashi. IPaki Kazwelonke yandiswa phakathi 2002 ngokufakwa kwesifunda se-Pharak eningizimu yeKhumbu njengengxenye yeNational Park Buffer Zone.
Uhlelo Lokuphatha Lokuqala LwamaPaki alunakho ukukhonjwa kwezindinganiso ezingokomoya zeSherpa noma ukuvinjiswa kokuvakasha. In 2007, kwaqinisekiswa uhlelo olusha olubeka ukuthi kugcizelelwa kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni kwamanani emikhuba yokomoya nasendaweni ekuphathweni. Kubuye kunikeze amandla iSherpa ukuthi ibambe iqhaza eliqinile ekuphathweni kwezinsizakusebenza futhi inemithetho eminingana ekuthuthukiseni ezokuvakasha.
Ushintsho oluyi-paradigmatic kusuka ekuxhumaneni okusondelene nemvelo kuya ekubukeni okuhlukanwe kakhudlwana kobudlelwane bemvelo yomuntu lubukeka luvula indlela yokwenza izinqumo ezingagcineki kwezemvelo endaweni.. Ukuvakasha kwabavakashi kuqhubeka ukwanda; ukuze kulondolozwe umthelela omuhle kwezemvelo owenziwa yilezi amasiko amakhulu eminyaka, kudingeka isenzo esithe xaxa.
ISangaramata iqukethe iBeyul noma izigodi ezingcwele ezisengcupheni yokuwa kwamachibi acwebile ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa komhlaba. Sangaramata, Mt Everest National Park, Nepal.
(Photo: spoon, J.)
Tengbuche Tibetan Budhist Monestary is perced entabeni uhlalwe Kumbu Yul Lha. Lawa pre- Buddhist umvikeli onkulunkulu bamanga bakhawulelwa isifungo livele njengoba zizivikele Buddhism. Sinenkosi abangane ngesimo izilwane zasendle, imfuyo noma enye izidalwa wasenganekwaneni phezu Intaba. Nepal.
(Photo: spoon, J.)
- Isikhungo Sentaba: www.mountain.org
- UJeremy Spoon: www. jeremyspoon.com
- spoon, J. (2010) Ezokuvakasha zihlangana namaSela: Izindinganiso Ezingokomoya Zika-Khumbu Sherpa Indawo esekwe eSagarmatha (Mount Everest) Ipaki Kazwelonke neBuffer Zone, Nepal in Verschuuren, Wild, UMcNeely no-Oviedo (Eds) Sacred Amasayithi Natural, Ukulondoloza Nature Namasiko, Umhlaba Scan, London.
- spoon, J., USherpa, L.N. (2008) Beyul Khumbu: the Sherpa kanye Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) Ipaki Kazwelonke neBuffer Zone, Nepal kuJosep-Maria Mallarach (ed.) 2008. Kuvikelekile Namathafa and Cultural futhi Ezingokomoya. Ivolumu 2 ochungechungeni Amanani Wokuvikelwa Kwamhlaba Nezasolwandle, IUCN, I-GTZ ne-Obra Social de Caixa Catalunya. I-Kasparek Verlag, EHeidelberg
