Ithuba ukubambisana ngesikhathi emhlabeni 'Third Eye', LweChibi i-Issyk Kul

ISceneray endaweni esemqoka yeSarychat-Eertash yeBiosphere Reserve.

    Site
    Izinkaba zesifundazwe i-Issyk Kul enyakatho-mpumalanga yeKyrgyzstan zinezindawo zamanzi eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngenxa yomumo wayo obonakala eziqongweni zezintaba, abantu bendawo bakholelwa ukuthi ‘kungumbono wesithathu’ ongokomoya womhlaba. Njengendawo Yezinto Eziphilayo, ingaphansi kokuvikelwa kukahulumeni kazwelonke, ngenkathi izakhamizi zendawo zinakekela 130 amasayithi angcwele esifundeni. Izindawo ezingokwemvelo ezingcwele ezivikelwe endaweni kungaba izihlahla ngazinye, iziqongo zezintaba, amanzi nezinye izinto emhlabeni. Izinhloso nezindlela zokongiwa kwesayensi nokongiwa kwendawo akuhlali kungaguquguquki ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi esimweni samanje ukwethembana phakathi kwemiphakathi nabaphathi kuyinselelo.

    Isimo: Lesi siqiwi sivikele izindawo ezisongelwa nezisengozini.

    izinsongo
    Abantu bendawo babona ukungcola kwezimayini kanye nendle kwechibi njengezinsongo ezibalulekile. Ukulandela i-lore yasendulo, abanye balindele ukuthi kokubili ukungcola kanye nokufakwa ngasosebeni kogu lwamachibi kungaholela enhlekeleleni engokomoya. Ngokwezinkolelo zendawo, uma imiphakathi iphatha kabi izindawo zayo, imvelo ezoziphindiselela. Ukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho nokuzingelwa kwemvelo kuyizinsongo ezengeziwe ezibhekiswe yi-GOs kanye nama-NGO kanye nabagcini bezindawo ezingcwele ngokwabo.

    Ukusebenza ndawonye
    I-Biosphere Reserve inabalingisi abaningi bezokongiwa kwemvelo, abanye babo ngokusemthethweni, abanye benza umsebenzi wabo ngendlela engahlelekile. Ucwaningo olwenziwe yiNyuvesi yaseManitoba, esekelwa i-Community Conservation Research Network iphakamisa ukuthi abalondolozi bemvelo bendabuko kanye nemizamo yamaqembu angaphandle ayihlanganisi, nokuthi la maqembu ajwayele ukungazi ngemibono nemisebenzi yomunye nomunye. Lokhu kuvezwa, Ngokwesibonelo, kubantu basemakhaya abakholelwa ukuthi abasebenzi beBiosphere bayakwazi ukuqoqa imali, kodwa kubi ekumiseni abazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Kukhona okuhlukile kwasendaweni, lapho izinhlaka zikahulumeni, Ama-NGO kanye nemiphakathi isebenza ndawonye kuphrojekthi eyodwa.

    Ecology Biodiversity
    I-Lake Issyk Kul iyindawo ephakeme yamanzi ahlanzekile etholakala endaweni eyomile. Isebenza njengesiphethu sezinhlobo ezahlukene zempilo ezihlanganisa izimfunda ze-alpine ne-subalpine, high mountain tundra, imvelo yomfula, izinhlanzi kanye nenani lezilwane ezincelisayo njengezimvu ezisongelwa i-Marco Polo (Izimvu zamaPhole ama-Amoni), i-bex yaseSiberia (Imbuzi yeSibiric) kanye nezifanekiselo Snow Leopard (uncial). Ezinye zezinhlobo ezikule ndawo zisohlwini olubomvu lwe-IUCN.

    Imvelo yezindawo ezingcwele kanye nabaphathi bazo
    Izingosi zemvelo ezingcwele ngayinye inezincazelo ezibalulekile kubantu bendawo e-Issyk Kul. Emphakathini wabo, Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu izihlahla ezitholakala ezindaweni ezingalindelekile njengendawo eyomile. Noma kucatshangwa ukuthi izingosi zemvelo ezingcwele ziyimithombo ethile, ukwakheka kwe-geological kanye nayo yonke imvelo efana ne-Issyk Kul Lake uqobo. Lapho umuntu enesidingo sokuziphilisa (izingane, impilo noma inhlalakahle engokomoya), uvakashela indawo ethile engcwele. U-Lore ufundisa ukuthi izinga lempumelelo ye-pilgrim lincike emandleni akhe okuxhumana nobungcwele bendawo.. Iziza zemvelo ezingcwele ezizungeze i-Issyk Kul Lake zinabanakekeli bazo abazikhethele bona nabavunyelwe ngumphakathi.. Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bendawo bathola imilayezo yamaphupho kumasayithi emvelo angcwele, abakholelwa ukuthi isiza ukwelapha abantu abagulayo. Imiphakathi iphinde ikholelwe ekujezisweni okungokomoya njengokugula kwabantu abalimaza lezi zingosi.

    Vision
    Izinhloso zokongiwa kwemvelo okusemthethweni kanye nezindawo ezingcwele ezisekelwe emphakathini zingafana. Ngakho, omunye umbono wesifunda ukuthi ukwakhiwa kokuthembana phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezithintekayo kuzozuzisa ukongiwa kwemvelo kukonke. Ukongiwa okusemthethweni kwama-GO kanye nama-NGOs kungasebenza kangcono uma besebenzisa ulwazi lwendabuko lwemvelo lwemiphakathi yendawo.; esikhundleni salokho, imiphakathi ingase izuze emandleni enhlangano yama-GO nama-NGO. Abacwaningi batusa ukwehla kuya phezulu, indawo engcwele, kanye nendlela ye-biocultural, lapho amalungu omphakathi, ababheki nabaphathi bamapaki bayazana futhi bafundisana amakhono abo futhi babelane ngemibono.

    Isayithi le-Manjyly-Ata Elingcwele, Ysyk-Ko?l isifundazwe, Kyrgyzstan. (Photo: I-CRC.)

    "Ngabona indoda (iphupho) lapho indawo engcwele yayingibiza. Lathi liyangcoliswa futhi alinakwa. Ngavuka ekuseni ngahamba ngayobheka leyo ngosi. Bengingazi ukuthi ikuphi. Ngangazi ukuthi kwakubukeka kanjani njengoba ngikubona ephusheni. Ngadabula amadolobhana amaningi kodwa angizange ngiyithole. Ekugcineni, ngemva kokubuza abantu bendawo ngathola isihlahla somnyezane esikhulu. Kuvele ukuthi umsele wendle ophuma kwenye indlu uletha amanzi angcolile kuwo. Ngayihlanza ngase ngitshela amalunga alowo muzi ukuthi kumele ajikise umsele. Bavuma ukwenza lokho kodwa kusobala ukuthi abazange baphambukise. Ngemva kwenyanga umama wekhaya wakhubazeka umyeni weza kimi ecela ukumelapha. Ngathi angikwazi futhi kufanele bachezukise umsele endaweni engcwele. Emva kwalokho benze njalo owesifazane walulama"

    Action
    Kuze kube manje, akubanga khona isenzo esididiyelwe okuhloswe ngaso ukusondeza izindlela zokongiwa kwemvelo ezisemthethweni nezisekelwe emphakathini. Encane, amaphrojekthi wendawo angasetshenziswa njengamathuluzi okufunda ngendlela yokuphatha eguquguqukayo. Ucwaningo lwamanje lungabhekwa njengesinyathelo sokuqwashisa ngezinzuzo ezingaba khona zokubambisana okuseduze kanye nokuzimisela ukuhlanganisa izimfanelo..

    amathuluzi Conservation
    Ukongiwa kwemvelo okusemthethweni kugxile kakhulu ekongiweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kuyilapho ukongiwa kwemvelo okusekelwe emphakathini kusetshenziswa izindawo ezingcwele kugxile emagugu amasiko futhi ngokungaqondile ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Lezi zindlela ezimbili zokulondoloza imvelo zinokuhlukahluka kanye nokufana. Ngokwesibonelo, ukongiwa okusemthethweni ku-Biosphere Reserve kusebenzisa izikimu zokuklama lapho kusebenza khona imithetho eyahlukene endaweni ngayinye. Izingosi zemvelo ezingcwele nazo zinezindawo ezithile lapho umehluko ukhona wemithetho yokuziphatha.

    Policy and Law
    I-Biosphere Reserve isebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho nemithethonqubo esemthethweni. Izindawo ezingcwele zingaphansi komthetho wesintu. Kukhona indikimba yemithetho neziqondiso ezingeni likazwelonke eziphathelene ne-Biosphere Reserves, izindawo ezivikelwe kanye namapaki kazwelonke, ukungcoliswa kanye nokongiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Izijeziso zokwephulwa kwemithetho esemthethweni zibonakala kuKhodi Yezimiso Zokuphatha kanye Nobugebengu. Ukwephulwa kwemithetho yesintu ehlobene nezingosi ezingcwele kukholakala ukuthi kuholela emiphumeleni emibi kulabo abephula umthetho njengokugula., ishwa noma ngisho nokufa.

    Imiphumela
    Imiphumela yocwaningo iphakamisa ukuthi izindawo ezingcwele zingase zibe nomthelela ekongiweni okusemthethweni ngokwenza ukonga kube nenjongo emiphakathini yendawo.. Ukudidiyelwa kolwazi lwendabuko, amanani nezinkolelo ezihlobene nezindawo ezingcwele ezinezinhlelo zokongiwa kwemvelo zingenza imigomo yokonga iqondakale kakhudlwana kubantu bendawo. Ukuqashelwa kwezindawo ezingcwele kungasiza futhi ukukhuthaza indlela ye-biocultural yokongiwa kwe-Biosphere Reserve.. Ucwaningo luthola ukuthi amasu amanje okulondoloza imvelo agxile kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi awanaki ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko ngisho noma imigomo negunya le-Biosphere Reserve libanzi kunokongiwa kwemvelo kuphela., egcizelela ukuxhumana okungenakuhlukaniswa phakathi kwezinhlelo zezenhlalo nezemvelo. Ngakho, ukuletha ukongiwa kwamasiko nolwazi lwendabuko kuzofaka isandla ekuhlangabezaneni nezinhloso nomsebenzi we-Biosphere Reserve. Imiphumela yocwaningo lweNyuvesi yaseManitoba iyahambisana nokutholwe yi-Aigine Cultural Research Center, elenze ucwaningo ezindaweni ezingcwele ezweni lonke. Ngakho, lezi zincomo cishe zizosebenza nakwezinye izindawo ezivikelwe eKyrgyzstan.

    "Izintaba ziphakeme. Ukuba ezindaweni eziphakeme, umuntu uthola imicabango emsulwa. Bambalwa abantu (njengabelusi noma izazi zokwakheka komhlaba) empeleni khuphukela ezintabeni, abekho abantu abangasebenzi. Ngicabanga ukuthi ubungcwele bulondolozwa kangcono ezindaweni lapho abantu abambalwa kuphela abangahamba khona." - Udokotela Wendabuko.
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