KweMvelo kanye Tourism Development ku Ovcar-Kablar Gorge, 'Serbian oNgcwele Intaba'

Avakashela Monastery (elalinikezelwe sokuhanjelwa Virgin) ngesikhathi Mt. umalusi, © uVladimir Mijailovic.

    Site
    I Ovcar-Kablar Gorge eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Serbia, edume ngokuthi 'Serbian oNgcwele Intaba', nezikakolweni ifa yemvelo kanye namasiko ahlukahlukene, olondolozela emhlabeni eziyisithupha namakhulu eminyaka ezinguquko umlando onothileko nokuphila okungokomoya okuqhubekayo. Eshukunyiswe izici landscape esekusithekeni, kwaqala medieval ezihlobana isiko hesychastic ka ubu-Orthodox baseMpumalanga Christian. Nakuba ukuphila Izigodlo ezibalweni ungaphazamisekile ngale dethi, namashumi okugcina eminyaka ekhulu lama-20 alethwe ezihlukahlukene amathonya yesimanje okusongela isimo imvelo wendawo. Nakuba izingcindezi nezokuvakasha kukhona nokulinganisela zokuvikela kuchazwe kahle, indlela eqotho ukuze ukusebenza leli fa eziphilayo zingathuthukiswa, ikakhulukazi mayelana indima kwemiphakathi.

    Isimo: Ngenxa yokusongelwa.

    izinsongo
    Ukulandela onguthelawayeka kanye ujantshi ukwakhiwa nokudalwa namachibi amabili yokufakelwa ne Hydro izitshalo ezimbili ngamandla, ukufuduka kwabantu beya emadolobheni selivela usongo ngokuthi isimo imvelo wendawo kusukela isigamu kwekhulu lama-20 yesibili. La mathonya zihlanganisa ukungcola kwamanzi kanye echibini eutrophication, ukwakhiwa emthethweni Cottages, izinkinga nokuphathwa imfucuza, ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokungemthetho kanye umsindo futhi emoyeni ukungcola ngenxa traffic. Nakuba ekuqwashiseni kwemvelo phakathi izivakashi kungaba yinzuzo, depopulation kubangelwa izinkinga zomnotho lukhula. Ukulaxazwa izakhiwo zasemakhaya ezungezile ngenxa yalokho kunomthelela izinguquko olwenzeka endaweni, lazo ezithusayo sokusinda ezinye izilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.

    "I ababheki amagugu kulendawo ziyiqiniso abantu abazi kangcono. Njengoba nje ungazi, awayona uyazi isidingo sokulondoloza, noma yini ukuze kulondolozwe ..." - Interview ekhonjiwe Tatovic 2016, 99.

    Lemvelo and Biodiversity
    Ukuma, micro-sezulu futhi kahle walondoloza, izindawo ezihlukahlukene neqhaza zezinto eziphilayo ocebile landscape. A isiphephelo ezinye ngezitshalo nangezilwane eziphila kuzo ezingavamile futhi ezisengcupheni, endaweni libhekene kombhala izimila nokuba khona izinsalela ephakeme njengoba yisici esivelele. eceleni 600 zezimila, 35 ezincelisayo, futhi 18 zinhlobo inhlanzi, the ensungubezini iyikhaya 160 zezinyoni (100 isidleke nesimiso salo sezinto eziphila emhlabeni futhi zasemanzini) nge isimo Okubalulekile Bird Area of ​​Europe.

    abagcina
    Njengoba isisekelo zezindela ', imiphakathi wezindela kwadingeka indima neqhaza sokulondoloza isici esingokomoya lokhu landscape, ngokugcina imikhuba yenkolo uyaphila futhi abuyisele ama-emathempelini ngokuqhubekayo ngabhekana nezikhathi eneziyaluyalu emlandweni waleli zwe, ngezimpi, ekubhujisweni, nezingcindezi izinguquko ngemibono (Radosavljevic 2002). Uma maphakathi medieval izincwadi kanye nokubhalwa imisebenzi (Rajic futhi Timotijevic 2012), zezindela ukuvikela izinto, yesandla Izinkumbulo yezenzakalo ukuthi ubambe ongowenani elikhulu zamasiko nezomlando. St. Nicholas Monastery namanje kulondoloza amaVangeli Abane Karan sika, isibonelo ezingavamile-Serbian Umdwebo miniature kuthonywa art Islamic, esenziwe mpristi wama-Orthodox futhi Muslim master calligrapher e 1608. I Kadenica emhumeni, uyisikhumbuzo ngenxa 500 kubantu ziphephela futhi ashiswa ngenkathi labakhosela ebuthweni WaseTurkey e 1815. Namuhla kukhona eziyisishiyagalolunye imiphakathi ehlala ku umhosha. indlela Hermit zokuphila uye yanyamalala. Izindela nezindela ngokuvamile bahlanganyele kwezolimo at izigodi zabo, abanye ukuhlakulela izivini esikhiqiza imithi engamakhambi. Ukuphila ngaleso Isigodlo Preobrazenje (elalinikezelwe isimo kaKristu), okuyinto futhi ilawula St. isonto Sava elakhiwa ngo nomhume owawukuyo kanye Hermitage medieval, ezibalweni ngokuvumelana typicon Hilandar abhalwe 1200 at Mt. Athos. Iningi izinkambo kule ndawo zinikezwa iziqondiso izivakashi, kodwa ukuvakashelwa ngaphakathi izakhiwo Izigodlo baqhuba izindela nezindela. Ngamaholide ezinkulu zenkolo amasango Izigodlo ukuvula ukuze bamukele izivakashi.

    Umuntu ethandaza emanxiweni umbhoshongo medieval eduze Monastery Uspenje (anikezelwe kweNyuka we Umama ngoNgcwelengcwele kaNkulunkulu). ©-Jan Valo
    Nemidwebo ku Monastery Nikolje (anikezelwe St. Nicholas) © Snezana Lerh.
    indiza Heron sika phezu umhosha. © Dragan Bosnic.

    Vision
    Lamanje ukuphathwa uhlelo focusses yetourism zenkolo kanye nezempilo, ucwaningo lwesayensi, imisebenzi zemfundo kanye nezemidlalo, ngokuhlanganyela ne zezemfundo, ucwaningo kanye nobuciko izinhlangano kanye nezikhungo zomphakathi. Nge izinyathelo ehlelekile yokulawula kanye nokuvinjelwa nokuwohloka kwemvelo, umgomo umqondo lephelele nekuhlanganisa zokuqapha ukuthi bangazihlanganisa kwemiphakathi amaphrojekthi lokuqwashisa umphakathi, futhi ukuthuthukiswa okugcinekayo imisebenzi emisha futhi ekhona esisekelwe esikweni nezindinganiso ezingokomoya landscape.

    Action
    Kuze kube manje, ocwaningweni ziye eyenziwa liphenya imvelo wendawo, ikakhulukazi zokuqapha zezinto eziphilayo, kanye ifa yezakhiwo kanye namasiko. Projects ekugqugquzeleni izinhloso zokongiwa kwemvelo esiyingqayizivele amagugu endaweni evikelwe Kuye kwenziwa ngokubambisana nezinkampani ezahlukene izinhlangano zomphakathi kanye nezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi inzuzo, ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi efana ngamazwe art yochungechunge, art amakoloni, calligraphy futhi isithonjana Umdwebo workshop (Djolovic 2016), nemibukiso, izinkulumo, ezemidlalo kanye nemisebenzi zemfundo. Ngaphandle izincwadi kobufundisi, kabili ngonyaka, Izivakashi Inhlangano ishicilela sokushicilela ezikhethekile esebenza njengesikhali umbiko mayelana nemiphumela yakamuva wokulondoloza ucwaningo kwendawo evikelwe.

    Coalition
    Inethiwekhi abathintekayo asebenzayo, kuhlanganise nezikhungo zomphakathi kanye nezinhlangano, abacwaningi, abaculi, iziphathimandla zendawo, imiphakathi wezindela kanye nezakhamuzi zendawo, isebenza yokunikeza amaphrojekthi ngase ukongiwa endaweni. Izinkombandlela zinikezwa enkonzweni ukuvikela imvelo ngokubambisana nezinye zezinkonzo olufanele. I izivakashi Inhlangano Cacak ngokomthetho uqokwa ukuphatha endaweni evikelwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa izinhlelo zokongiwa kwemvelo nezentuthuko. Ukuzaliseka lwalezi zinhlelo iye kakhulu behlisa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa izimbangela zezimali.

    amathuluzi Conservation
    Kukhona iqoqo izinyathelo eqine the 2nd futhi izinga lesi-3 yokuvikela, achazwe endaweni ekhethekile isimemezelo ezikhonzayo 2000. Lezi stipulations ukhawule izenzo okungase kube yingozi ukuze isimo imvelo wendawo, kuhlanganise nalezo obungathikazisa izici geomorphological isimo sezwe, ukwakhiwa engahlelelwe, Ukungena ngemvume, ukuzingela, lokuqoqa ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, zizalela yokufakelwa kanye nokwethulwa zilwane zasendle (Regulation ukuvikelwa landscape izici eziphawulekayo "Ovcar-Cable Gorge " 2000). Ukufinyelela zezindela uvinjelwe ngokwesimiso sansuku yenkonzo yabo.

    Medjuvrsje Lake (Umthombo: Izivakashi Inhlangano Cacak © Dragan Djolovic)

    Policy and Law
    In 2000 the Ovcar-Kablar Gorge yaqokwa ngoba evikelwe kwempahla engokwemvelo isigaba sokuqala kule sigaba kazwelonke ezindaweni ezivikelwe, ngokuthi "indawo ongavamile landscape ukwehluka, ubuhle kanye elikhangayo, indawo eyingqayizivele futhi kubaluleke kakhulu zamasiko nezomlando nge zezindela ayisishiyagalolunye, izinto kanye nezici zenkolo kanye nezinye ezingcwele, isikhumbuzo, lesikhumbuzo esivelele ifa Geological njengesibonelo abalulekile nokuxhumana Geological, izinqubo geomorphological futhi kwamanzi kanye izenzakalo, indawo yezimila ezihlukahlukene futhi nande abalulekile ezilwaneni nasezimileni " (Regulation ukuvikelwa kwezindawo zemvelo izici eziphawulekayo "Ovcar-Izintambo Gorge". Gazette ngokusemthethweni Serbia, Azikho. 16/2000, lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu Serbian). Ukuqokwa kusekelwe uMthetho-Environmental Protection futhi uMthetho Impahla Cultural. Zonke izinhlelo kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa angaphansi kazwelonke uhlelo lubandlululo kanye nokuvikelwa imibuso yayo, okuyinto bona endaweni njengoba indawo ivikelwe nge ifa omkhulukazi. Iziphathimandla Main endaweni zihlanganisa inkonzo wezolimo nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, Izivakashi Inhlangano Cacak, izikhulu zesonto (ekuphatheni zezindela futhi izigodi zabo), futhi omasipala ababili bendawo.

    Imiphumela
    Ukuqokwa kwe-Ovcar-Kablar Gorge njengoba endaweni evikelwe, ezifundweni zocwaningo okwalandela, uye waphumelela ekuhlanganiseni abehlukene emzamweni ukumisa nokuwohloka kwemvelo, futhi eqaphela isidingo sokuqapha wenarha namagugu wenarha le landscape, endaweni futhi esifundeni. Nokho, kangcono ukubambisana nezinye izinhlaka zesifundazwe kanye indlela imikhakha eyahlukene liyadingeka uhlaziye indima kwemiphakathi ekwenzeni izinqumo, ikakhulukazi Ovcar Spa okuyinto, uchichima amanzi ezishisayo, uhlezi inhliziyo esifundeni. Nakuba nalomsebenzi izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene (ngesinye isikhathi ezingezwani nezindinganiso endaweni evikelwe) ahlale zigodliwe ngenxa yezizathu zezimali, labantu asebekhulile kwalesi sigodi lincibilika ngokushesha nezingcindezi eqine nokuvikelwa kwemvelo ngibe umthwalo zokuphila.

    Resources
    • Archimandrite Radosavljevic, J. Ovcs izintambo Izigodlo: ukuphila Izigodlo nokuhlupheka esikhathini 19th futhi 20th ekhulwini. [Ngo-Serbian: Ovcarsko - Kablarski Manastiri: indela ukuphila nezinhlekelele 19. futhi 20.veku]. Novi Sad: igama, 2002.
    • Djolovic, Dragan, ed. Journal of ezivikelekile Landscape ka Ezivelele Izici Ovimoto - Kablar Gorge. ivolumu 5. Cacak: Izivakashi Inhlangano Cacak, 2014.
    • Djolovic, Dragan, ed. Journal of ezivikelekile Landscape ka Ezivelele Izici Ovimoto - Kablar Gorge. ivolumu 7. Cacak: Izivakashi Inhlangano Cacak, 2016.
    • Uhlelo Management for Protected Area Ovcar - Kablar Gorge (2012-2021). Izivakashi Inhlangano Cacak. 2012.
    • umalusi - Kablar Gorge: Isifundo yokuvikela. Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia. In 1998.
    • Popovic, Dragica. "Ezingwadule futhi 'izintaba engcwele" baseSerbia Medieval - Imithombo Ibhalwe, Amaphethini Spatial, Architectural Solutions (Ngo-Serbian: ezingwadule futhi "sisezintabeni ezingcwele" medieval Serbia - Imithombo ebhaliwe, Amaphethini ngekwendzawo, yezakhiwo Solutions)." Imibiko yomsebenzi we-Institute for WaseByzantium Izifundo XLIV, 2007: 253-78.
    • Rajic, Delfina. Calligraphy futhi ethi Icon Painting Workshop. [Ngo-Serbian: Kaligrafsko-ikonopisacka Radionica]. In Journal of ezivikelekile Landscape ka Ezivelele Izici Ovimoto - Kablar Gorge. ivolumu 6. Cacak: Izivakashi Inhlangano Cacak, 2014.
    • Rajic, Delfina futhi Milos Timotijevic. "I Ukudalwa Serbian oNgcwele Intaba. umalusi - Kablar Izigodlo kusukela nane Kwaze Kwaba Sekupheleni the Twentieth Century. [Ngo-Serbian: Ukudala Serbian Sveta Gora. Ovcar-Kablar Izigodlo XIV kuya kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.]." Zbornik Narodnog Radova Muzeja = Ukuqoqwa eNational Museum of Work 32 (2002): 53-116.
    • Rajic, Delfina futhi Milos Timotijevic. Izigodlo ka Ovimoto - Kablar Gorge: Umhlahlandlela. Cacak: National Museum of Cacak, 2006.
    • Rajic, Delfina futhi Milos Timotijevic. Izigodlo we Ovcar - Kablar Gorge. [Ngo-Serbian: Izigodlo ka Ovcar-Kablar Gorge]. Cacak: I National Museum; Belgrade: Gazette olusemthethweni, 2012.
    • Regulation ukuvikelwa kwezindawo zemvelo izici eziphawulekayo "umalusi - Kablar Gorge". Gazette ngokusemthethweni Serbia kungekho. 16/2000.
    • Tatovic, Nevena. Indlela oyingcwele Ovimoto - Kablar Gorge: Kudluliswa uMoya Omunye Landscape sika Indawo. (lungashicilelwe master mqondo, University Paris 1 Onkulunkulu - Sorbonne, University of Evora, University WasePadua, 2016).
    • Loluhlelo lwetakhiwo nekutfutfukisa ukuvakasha endaweni "Ovcar Banja" futhi endaweni evikelwe Ovcar - Kablar Gorge. Izivakashi Inhlangano Cacak futhi C.T.D.3 Consulting ukuthuthukiswa ukuhweba. April 2012.
    • Zlatic Ivkovic, Zorica. Isigodlo Dormition ka Kablar [Ngo-Serbian: Manastir Uspenje Kablarsko]. Cacak: Isigodlo Dormition, 2009a.
    • Zlatic Ivkovic, Zorica. Okukhulu kakhulu Nikolje ku Ovimoto - Kablar Gorge. [Ngo-Serbian: Okukhulu kakhulu e Nikolje OvImperial - Kablar Gorge]. Cacak: Okukhulu kakhulu Nikolje, 2009b.
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