Ehlangothini olusempumalanga yesiqhingi saseJamaica kunesiqiwi iBlue and John Crow Mount, owakhiwe kusukela maphakathi no-1600 ngamaWindward Maroons. Ukubaluleka kwayo emhlabeni jikelele kusekelwe ekwahlukaneni okuphezulu nakwabantu bezitshalo nezilwane zasendaweni kanye nasezinsizakalweni ezihlobene nemvelo ezinikezwa umphakathi waseJamaican kanye nomnotho.. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kube nokuhlonishwa okukhulayo kokubaluleka kwamagugu ePaki.
Ngenxa yokusongelwa; Izinsongo ezikhulayo, zingaba sengcupheni esikhathini esizayo lapho kungenzeka kube khona ukulahleka okuphawulekayo.
izinsongo
Ukuphikelela kwezindawo zemvelo ezingcwele zeMaroon ngaphakathi nangaphandle komphakathi waseMaroon akuqinisekile. Izinsongo ezinkulu ukudluliswa okulinganiselwe kolwazi olungcwele lwesiza semvelo, iqiniso lokuthi izikhumbuzo namamaki amaningi ahlala njalo kanti futhi nobungozi bokwenza iziza zibe zincane phakathi kwamaMaroon kugxile emalini engenayo yezokuvakasha. Ukuvinjelwa ngamabomu kokudluliswa nokudluliswa kwamagugu amasiko aseMaroon phakathi kweminyaka yama-1960 kanye nawo-1970 kuholele ekuqothulweni kwamasiko amaningi. Kulezi zinsuku, imfihlo yamasiko amaMaroon kanye nolwazi oluseceleni kanye nentshisekelo kwizizukulwane ezisencane kuvimbela ukusabalala kwalolu lwazi.
abagcina
Ama-Windward Maroons avela eNtshonalanga Afrika ngokugcinwa okuthile kwama-Amerindian futhi manje athathwa njengeqembu eliyimfihlo kakhulu eJamaica. Uma uthi nhlá, kubukeka sengathi sebemukele umbono wesimanjemanje futhi osebenzisa imvelo lapho amahlathi, umhlaba namanzi ngokuyinhloko kuyizinsizakusebenza zokuxhashazwa. Nokho, ama-maroon amaningi abona izintaba njengendawo ebukeka ingcwele enezindawo ezibalulekile zehlathi nemifudlana futhi imibono yabo kulezi zindawo ivame ukuhlangabezana nenqubo eyamukelekayo yeziza zemvelo ezingcwele. Ezikhathini ezedlule, lezi kwakuyizindawo zokuphephela, izindawo zokuphulukisa nezokungcwaba amadlozi. Ukukhumbula nokuchaza lezi zingosi kungumthombo wokuziqhenya okukhulu kumaMaroon amadala.
AmaMaroons azizwa enomuzwa wesibopho wokugcina izindawo zawo ezingcwele zemvelo ezikhathini ezedlule, ukuhambisana nemithetho eqinile. Okokuqala, abangaphandle babengagunyaziwe ukuvakashela lezi zingosi. Olandelayo, Abahlanganyeli beMaroon bemicimbi enjalo bazodalulwa 'unswinyo olunzima olungokomoya' ngaphakathi kwesiko. Izingane zazingavunyelwe ezindaweni eziningi zemvelo ezingcwele, ukuphepha kwabo futhi ngoba imicikilisho eminingi ibithathwa njengengazifanele izingane.
Vision
Kuphakanyiswa indlela enezinyathelo ezinhlanu njengenhloso enkulu yokonga ulwazi lwendabuko lweMaroon. Lokhu kuzosetshenziselwa ukuvikela izindawo zasendaweni ikakhulukazi amasayithi angcwele. Imibhalo nokusatshalaliswa kolwazi mayelana nezindawo zemvelo ezingcwele kuyaphuthuma, kepha inhlonipho kumele ikhokhwe ezimfihlo zeMaroon. Ukuhlukaniswa okubanzi komphakathi waseMaroon kufanele kubhekwe. Kungaba usizo ukusebenza kulwazi oluyimfihlo lwamaMaroon amasayithi emvelo angcwele abekwe eqhulwini ukuvikelwa futhi amukelwe ngokomthetho nguhulumeni.
UWallace Sterling, Umholi wendabuko weMaroon, Impophoma Engcwele kaNanny, I-Rio Grande Jamaica
(Photo: K. John)
Ngaphandle kokuqashelwa kwezintaba iBlue noJohn Crow njengeNational Park, azikho izinkomba zokuphathwa okusebenzayo kwamasayithi emvelo angcwele phakathi kwama-maroon, hhayi ngezinhlaka zokuphatha ezisemthethweni, noma ngemikhuba nezinkolelo zamaqembu omphakathi.
Kepha ebusweni bokushabalala kwamasiko, kunokuzimisela okwandayo phakathi kobuholi beMaroon bokusebenzisana nabangaphandle ekulondolozweni kwamagugu abo amasiko kanye nasekuhanjisweni kwalolo lwazi kubantu abasha.
Action
Ipaki lesizwe i-Blue and John Crow Mountains lamenyezelwa njenge-Forest Reserve ngawo-1950 kanye neNational Park e 1993.
Okusanda, imibhalo yalungiselelwa ukuqokwa kweNdawo yamaGugu Omhlaba, sigcizelela isiko eliyingqayizivele le-Windward Maroon futhi sigcizelela ubungcwele bePaki kanye nezindawo zesikhashana.
Kwenziwa izifundo ezimbalwa ngenhloso yokubhala ulwazi lwabadala baseMaroon, kepha lokhu akubonakali kwanele kuze kube manje. Kukhona okushicilelwe kocwaningo olubambe iqhaza kanye nezingxoxo ezithile nabadala beMaroon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqulu wokuphakanyiswa kwamaphepha wokuqokwa kweGugu Lomhlaba Lomhlaba walesi siqiwu unikeza ukuqonda okuthile ngamanani awo emvelo namasiko. Isincomo sokuphathwa kwesinyathelo siyatholakala ngokususelwa ekwakheni nasekuqinisekiseni i-database, izinhlelo zemfundo nokwamukelwa ngokusemthethweni kwezindawo ezingcwele zemvelo.
Imiphumela
Ngaphandle kwemibhalo emincane ngokubukwa kweMaroons ngamasayithi angcwele nokumenyezelwa kwendawo njengepaki kazwelonke, usemkhulu umsebenzi okusamele wenziwe. Nokho, abaphathi bePaki bakhuthaza intshisekelo kumagugu emvelo nakwamasiko obuso bendawo kanye nezifundo ngalolu daba ziya zanda. Kusukela ekutadisheni kwe-SNS, iJamaica National Heritage Trust iqale isimemezelo se- 3 izikhumbuzo zemvelo zikazwelonke kufaka nezindawo ‘ezingcwele’ zeMaroon eNanny Town (UMfula iStony) neCunha Cunha Pass (JNHT 2012).
- UJohn K., IHarris CLG., Otuokon S. (2010) Funa futhi uvikele amasayithi wemvelo angcwele phakathi kwamaMaroons aseJamaica eWindward Maroons, e Verschuuren, B., Wild, R., McNeely, J., U-Oviedo G. (Eds.), 2010. Sacred Amasayithi Natural, Ukulondoloza Amasiko Nemvelo. I-EarthScan, London.
- IJamaica National Heritage Trust: Vakashela Iwebhusayithi
