Site Ngesikhathi Southside wezintaba oyingcwele eSifundazweni Yunnan itholakala Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, hlonishwa njengomphakathi UNESCO Indoda Biosphere Reserve. Nakuba-ke ihlanganisa esingaphansi 0.2 wamaphesenti Imininingwane umhlaba ebusweni China ngayinye, iqukethe mayelana 20 amaphesenti emazweni eqoshiwe zinhlobo, okwenza kube indawo abacebe ngokwahlukana kwemvelo ekhona kuleli zwe. Iphinde elibamba nantathu amaqembu Yunnan sika yobuhlanga, ikakhulu abahlala ezishisayo nakwezifudumele ezwekazini izindawo. Eminyakeni yakamuva, izinqolobane eziye zasungulwa ukuze melanani yosongo ukukhula komnotho kanye lokubala ubuningi babantu.
izinsongo Kule minyaka 50 iminyaka, 90 wamaphesenti ngayinye 750 ONgcwele Hill amahlathi ezibhujisiwe noma ukwehliswa isithunzi. Esinye sezizathu salokhu ukulahlekelwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha kwezomnotho kanye labantu ukwanda ziye zabangela kokusetshenziswa komhlaba okukhulu izingcindezi, wokubangela lezi emahlathini ukuze shintsha ngokuyinhloko by emasimini enjoloba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubomgomo ihlathi nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba washintsha esuka yokuphathwa komphakathi (1980ka-) ukuphathwa ngabanye (2000ka-), okwadala inketho izakhamuzi ukuba ukuqasha umuntu ihlathi emazweni awo kwabanye.
Uma bawisa yonke imithi, une amagxolo kuphela ukudla; uma ukubhubhisa ihlathi, ubuyakubhubhisa endleleni yakho ukuba ikusasa - Dai Folksong kusukela eSifundazweni Yunnan, China (wang 1988)
Iminikelo kukhanyiswe wenza ngaphakathi ehlathini oNgcwele Hill. (Umthombo: pei Shengji)abagcina nge mayelana 35% labantu Xishuangbanna, i-Dai yiwona amaningi kakhulu iqembu ngokobuhlanga Prefecture. Bathembele emahlathini zendawo amaphilisi ukudla kanye namanzi. Bakholelwa ukuthi abanye amahlathi engcwele oNgcwele Hills (Nong) kukhona yokuhlala WoNkulunkulu. Izimila nezilwane ezihlala la emahlathini bawo, kanye amadlozi oshonile abathuthela lezi amahlathi sebefile. Udlame noma ukuphazamiseka zezitshalo nezilwane kulezi amahlathi bayakujeziswa Lokuqala Nonkulunkulu futhi akuvunyelwe nhlobo kweminye imiphakathi. Kuze kube yileso mayelana 50 iminyaka edlule, la amahlathi avikelekile ngu nezikhungo zendabuko eholwa ikhanda ongokomoya indoda (Bimo) we wendawo. I Dai balandela ekuqaleni isiko kokholelwa emimoyeni, okwakubekelwa kakhulu nakanjani emhlabeni yemvelo, futhi waba ihlathi ngamakhasimende nefilosofi. Esikhathini Dai bezibona ubudlelwane phakathi abantu futhi indawo yabo ngokomzimba inezigaba ezinkulu ezinhlanu: ihlathi, amanzi, umhlaba, ukudla kanye nobuntu. Bakholelwa ukuthi ihlathi imbeleko bomuntu. Amanzi livela amahlathi, umhlaba sidla amanzi nokudla livela ezweni. ngaleyo ndlela Amahlathi ekugcineni ukusekela ukuphila kwabantu kanye lezi amahlathi ungomunye ne embusweni kwemvelo.
Coalition abaphathi Reserve kanye abagcina wendawo ngokuhlanganyela ukuphatha zigcine usebenzisa ukubamba iqhaza ukuphathwa izindlela. iziqondiso zomphakathi kuleli hlathi engengcwele bendabuko ngokwezifiso nokukhulekela imisebenzi zihlelwe futhi ukusetshenziswa ngokusho isithakazelo bakule ndawo '.
Conservation Amathuluzi Lapho baye basinda kulokho izingcindezi yesimanjemanje, Engcwele Amasayithi Yemvelo obutholakala kahle amasiko endawo futhi bendabuko inkolelo izinhlelo. Ukusika izihlahla kujeziswa nge esihle USD 20-40 isihlahla ngasinye. Ngezinga elikhulu, nemvelo reserves, isikhumbulo sesikhana zone kanye bio-imihubhe kukhona isu esiyinhloko ukongiwa amasayithi biodiverse e Yunnan. Kusuke Kungeyakho amasayithi zemvelo engcwele ziqhubeka iqophelo ukufakwa indawo yabo ibe inethiwekhi legislatively evikelwe amasayithi yemvelo.
Vision Esikhathini esizayo, ONgcwele Hills kungenzeka sacralised futhi ngokuthi avuselele amahlathi engcwele okonakele. Kunconywa ukuthi zifakwe imihubhe ihlathi phakathi iziqiwi e Xishuangbanna. Kunesidingo ukwesekwa Inqubomgomo baziqaphele izinzuzo kwezenhlalo kanye nokongiwa amahlathi engcwele. Lokhu kuzosiza ukusungulwa iziqondiso zokuzivikela, njengoba kwakwenziwa ngaphambili esiFundazweni Guangdong. Ngo ukuqhubeka kule ndawo, ukusetshenziswa kolwazi lwendabuko ungakwazi kakhulu lula nokubusa imvelo.
Action Naphezu ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamahlathi engcwele Xishuangbanna, isiko wendabuko sekuvuselelwe, futhi uyaqhubeka emahlathini asele. Ukukhulekela emikhosini ziqhutshwa ngo-August no-November minyaka yonke kanye nawo wonke amalungu kwalesi sigodi iqhaza, Iminikelo yokudla, izinkukhu nezingulube zenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bendawo lwendabuko kanye nabalandeli zangaphandle baye bakhuthaza ukusungulwa nemvelo reserves endaweni.
Policy and Law amasayithi yemvelo Engcwele ayibonwa ngumthetho. Uma noma yini, izinguquko umthetho baye lula nokucekelwa zabo kule decennia esidlule. Njengoba ngokuvamile ngendlu eziningana ezivikelwe Nokho, kunamathuba ukuthi kubo waqaphela njengoba zezinto eziphilayo ezidonsela. Lokhu okwenzekayo ngempela.
Imiphumela Ngokusho izingxoxo nabantu ezigodini ezine esiqiwini, kungekho amacala isihlahla ahlabayo, ukuzingela noma ukuvuna ukudla ngokweqile bebelokhu baziwa ukwenzeka engcwele ihlathi endaweni esikhathini esidlule 20 iminyaka. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umphakathi iqhaza ekuphathweni ihlathi engcwele esiqiwini kuyaphumelela futhi kuphumelele. Ukusungulwa izinqolobane ezithile kube yigxathu maqondana engcwele indawo yemvelo nokongiwa e Yunnin, kodwa isivikelo esengeziwe uhlala efiselekayo.
- Shengji, P., (2010) Indlela Eya Ikusasa? I Biocultural Amanani Engcwele Hill emahlathini Isifundazwe Yunan, China, e Verschuuren, Wild, McNeely, Oviedo (2010) Sacred Amasayithi Natural: Ukulondoloza Nature Namasiko, Umhlaba Scan, London.
- Pei S.J., 2006: Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kuleli Amahlathi Elingcwele Xishuangbanna Biosphere Reserve, China, Kushicilelwe ku 'UNESCO 2006 (Lee futhi Schaaf). Ekuqhubeni Tokyo Symposium: Ukulondoloza Ukuhlukahluka Kwamasiko futhi Biological, Indima Engcwele Yemvelo Amasayithi Cultural Namathafa, UNESCO, Paris.
- pei S.J. 1993: Ukuphatha i-Biological Diversity Usethempelini Yards futhi Hills oNgcwele: I Traditional Imikhuba The Xishuangbannan Dai Community, Southwest China, e Hamilton, L.S. (ed.) Yokuziphatha, Inkolo kanye Biodiversity,, White Horse Cindezela. Cambridge UK.
- I-Centre for Biodiversity nethi Ulwazi Bomdabu (CBIK) at www.cbik.org
- Zeng, L. (2012) ukuguqulwa Cultural kanye nokusimama emvelweni phakathi kwabantu dai e Xishuangbanna, itholakala kusukela: www.sustainablechina.info
