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Inethiwekhi yezindawo ezingcwele zemvelo itholakala eZarori, isifunda ezindaweni zezintaba zaseNyakatho-ntshonalanga yeGreece. Lawa kungaba ngamahlathi avikelayo noma ama-groves asemithambekeni yezintaba ngenhla kwamadolobhana noma amaqembu ezihlahla ezingomakadebona ezizungeze amasonto. Izisekelo zabo zokomoya kanye nokugcinwa kwabo kuhunyushwe njengendlela yokuphathwa kwezinsizakusebenza zendawo kanye nemvelo ngokusebenzisa imithetho yenkolo. Izihlahla ezingcwele kanye nezixuku kuhlotshaniswe namathabhu mayelana nokusika izihlahla, isibonelo esiphathelene nezijeziso ezingaphezu kwamandla emvelo. Esikhathini esedlule, lezi zinhlelo zokuphatha eziguqulwe endaweni zilawula ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakalo zemvelo ngumphakathi. Ziphinde zasebenza njengesixazululo sokugcina ngezikhathi zosizo noma njengesivikelo samadolobhana ezingozini zemvelo.
Inethiwekhi yezindawo ezingcwele zemvelo itholakala eZarori, isifunda ezindaweni zezintaba zaseNyakatho-ntshonalanga yeGreece. Lawa kungaba ngamahlathi avikelayo noma ama-groves asemithambekeni yezintaba ngenhla kwamadolobhana noma amaqembu ezihlahla ezingomakadebona ezizungeze amasonto. Izisekelo zabo zokomoya kanye nokugcinwa kwabo kuhunyushwe njengendlela yokuphathwa kwezinsizakusebenza zendawo kanye nemvelo ngokusebenzisa imithetho yenkolo. Izihlahla ezingcwele kanye nezixuku kuhlotshaniswe namathabhu mayelana nokusika izihlahla, isibonelo esiphathelene nezijeziso ezingaphezu kwamandla emvelo. Esikhathini esedlule, lezi zinhlelo zokuphatha eziguqulwe endaweni zilawula ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakalo zemvelo ngumphakathi. Ziphinde zasebenza njengesixazululo sokugcina ngezikhathi zosizo noma njengesivikelo samadolobhana ezingozini zemvelo.
Isimo
Ngenxa yokusongelwa; Ukukhula okusongelayo(s), zingaba sengozini ngokuzayo, amandla okulahleka okuphawulekayo akhona.
Ngenxa yokusongelwa; Ukukhula okusongelayo(s), zingaba sengozini ngokuzayo, amandla okulahleka okuphawulekayo akhona.
izinsongo
Phakathi nekhulu lama-20 futhi ikakhulukazi ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, izindlela eziguqukayo zokusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nokwehla kwenani labantu kube nomthelela omkhulu esakhiweni senhlalo, imikhuba yokuphatha nezindawo zamasiko zasemaphandleni aseGrisi. Ukuwa kwezinhlelo zokuphathwa kwendawo kudalwe ukufika kwesimanje nokunganaki kweziphathimandla. Kubangele ukuthi izihlahla ezingcwele zehliswe isithunzi futhi zisongelwe nomaphi lapho zenza khona ukungqubuzana nezimfuno zanamuhla. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izindawo ezingcwele ziyaqhubeka nokuhlonishwa yimiphakathi yasendaweni futhi zisakha ingxenye ebalulekile yobunikazi besizukulwane esidala.
Phakathi nekhulu lama-20 futhi ikakhulukazi ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, izindlela eziguqukayo zokusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nokwehla kwenani labantu kube nomthelela omkhulu esakhiweni senhlalo, imikhuba yokuphatha nezindawo zamasiko zasemaphandleni aseGrisi. Ukuwa kwezinhlelo zokuphathwa kwendawo kudalwe ukufika kwesimanje nokunganaki kweziphathimandla. Kubangele ukuthi izihlahla ezingcwele zehliswe isithunzi futhi zisongelwe nomaphi lapho zenza khona ukungqubuzana nezimfuno zanamuhla. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izindawo ezingcwele ziyaqhubeka nokuhlonishwa yimiphakathi yasendaweni futhi zisakha ingxenye ebalulekile yobunikazi besizukulwane esidala.
abagcina
Izindawo eziningi ezingcwele esifundeni zinakekelwa ngabantu bendawo. Esikhathini esedlule iZarori yayihlala amaZagorian asungula amadolobhana kanye namaVlachs ahlukile ngokolimi. Indawo eyelusayo transhuman Sarakatsani kodwa namaGypsies nabanye abafuduki ababeqashwa njengezisebenzi babehlala befika kule ndawo. Ukuhlukumezeka okwabiwe kanye nokwehla kwabantu, ikakhulukazi ngekhulu lama-20, kuqede ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanga futhi namuhla igama elithi "Zagorian" lifaka zonke izinhlanga kubunikazi obuvelayo obuchazwe yiZagori njengendawo yokudabuka noma yokuhlala.
Zonke izakhamuzi zingamaKrestu obu-Orthodox. Izinkolelo mayelana nezihlahla ezingcwele kanye nezixuku zikhona, Nokho, ngokuyinhloko ihlotshaniswa nemibono yangaphambi kobuKristu. Izihlahla ezivuthiwe ngokwesibonelo, zibonwa njengezidalwa zamademoni noma zihlaselwa yizidalwa ezinjalo futhi zingalimaza labo abazama ukubalimaza. Izinkolelo ezinjalo zendawo ziphinde zitolikwe kabusha enkolweni eyandile noma zihlalisane ngayo ngokwethukela.
Vision
Kulezi zinsuku imibhalo iyashabalala kanye nesizukulwane esidala. Izinto zalezi zinto ezisetshenzisiwe kodwa zigcinwe ngokuhlonipha umlando namasiko omphakathi. Umbono wethu ukuthi Amasayithi Engcwele Engcwele abonwa njengezindawo zenani elingokomoya nelomlando ezizukulwaneni ezisencane. Sihlose lokho ngamasiko abo, izimfanelo zobuhle nezemvelo ziyagcinwa futhi ziphathwe ngendlela eyanele.
ISahluko esizinikezele ekuguqulweni kabusha / kwe-Metamorphosis kaKristu kanye ne-oak e-belfry oki ehlobene nayo (enye yezikhulu ezinkulu eziyishumi ububanzi be- 327 kuhlolwe) eVitsa.
(© Kalliopi Stara, 9/2006.)
Coalition
Izigxobo ezingcwele azaziwa kangako, ngisho naseGrisi yanamuhla. Umzamo wokubahlola eZagori uqale ngo 2003 futhi bekulokhu kuqhubeka kusukela ngosizo lwezezimali oluvela ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zoMnyango Wezemvelo waseGrisi kanye ne-EU. Inyuvesi yase-Ioannina (I-UOI) ubelokhu ehilelekile kusukela lapho 2005. Iphrojekthi entsha ehlukanise imikhakha ese-UOI “Conservation through Religion: Imihlambi Engcwele Ye-Epirus ” ("SAGE", 2012-2015) ihlose ukutadisha inani lazo lezamasiko ngokwesimo sokongiwa okusebenzayo. Ingqikithi ye- 38 ososayensi bezenhlalo nabezemvelo abavela eGrisi nakwamanye amazwe bazobandakanyeka. Umphakathi wendawo ukhombise intshisekelo enhle kule mizamo.
Izigxobo ezingcwele azaziwa kangako, ngisho naseGrisi yanamuhla. Umzamo wokubahlola eZagori uqale ngo 2003 futhi bekulokhu kuqhubeka kusukela ngosizo lwezezimali oluvela ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zoMnyango Wezemvelo waseGrisi kanye ne-EU. Inyuvesi yase-Ioannina (I-UOI) ubelokhu ehilelekile kusukela lapho 2005. Iphrojekthi entsha ehlukanise imikhakha ese-UOI “Conservation through Religion: Imihlambi Engcwele Ye-Epirus ” ("SAGE", 2012-2015) ihlose ukutadisha inani lazo lezamasiko ngokwesimo sokongiwa okusebenzayo. Ingqikithi ye- 38 ososayensi bezenhlalo nabezemvelo abavela eGrisi nakwamanye amazwe bazobandakanyeka. Umphakathi wendawo ukhombise intshisekelo enhle kule mizamo.
"Inkolo yethu iyaphila. Ngimbonile u-Agia Paraskevi. Wayememeza. Ngangiyingane ka 16 iminyaka, Ntambama, lalina. Ngangidlula ngenhla kwesigodlo sezindela. Futhi ngaphansi kwesigodlo sezindela abanye abantu bendawo babesuse amagatsha ezihlahla awile eSecred Grove yakhe. Futhi ubememeza: "Cha, ei ”abantu bashiya izinkuni babaleka. Ngingene esontweni, kwakungekho muntu ngaphakathi. Ngenze isiphambano sami futhi ngiqhubeka nendlela yami. Ngokusobala ngimuzwile." - UDimitris Paparounas (Isakhamuzi esigodini sase-Ano Pedina, okwaxoxwa naye ku 18/9/2006.)
UGiannis Vakamis ugcwalisa uhlu lwemibuzo kanye nama-voucher specimens ezihlahla asetshenziswe ocwaningweni lwe-ethnographic 2006-2007. Mr. G. UVakamis wasesigodini saseKoukouli wayengomunye wabazisi abaphambili bezifundo zethu futhi umnikelo wakhe wawubaluleke kakhulu.
(© Kalliopi Stara, 9/2006.)
Action
Ezingeni lesifunda, izinkulumo zomphakathi, ukushicilelwa komagazini bendawo kanye nokwenziwa ekuphathweni kwezihlahla zomakadebona bekulokhu kwenzeka. Le misebenzi ihlose ukuqwashisa umphakathi ngamaSayithi Engcwele Engcwele nezihlahla ezingomakadebona. Izinhlangano zamasiko endawo zisabela kahle kule mibono futhi imicimbi eminingi ihlelelwe ikusasa eliseduze.
Ezingeni lesifunda, izinkulumo zomphakathi, ukushicilelwa komagazini bendawo kanye nokwenziwa ekuphathweni kwezihlahla zomakadebona bekulokhu kwenzeka. Le misebenzi ihlose ukuqwashisa umphakathi ngamaSayithi Engcwele Engcwele nezihlahla ezingomakadebona. Izinhlangano zamasiko endawo zisabela kahle kule mibono futhi imicimbi eminingi ihlelelwe ikusasa eliseduze.
Umsebenzi wesayensi ezingeni likazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe uyaqhubeka yize ubamba iqhaza ezingqungqutheleni, ukushicilelwa kwezemfundo nokubambisana namaQembu Asebenzayo Womhlaba wonke njenge-IUCN (Izindinganiso Zamasiko Nezingokomoya ze-WCPA zeQembu Longoti Bezindawo Ezivikelwe) noma i- Delos Initiative.
amathuluzi Conservation
Kusukela 2000, izindlela zokubamba iqhaza ezisungulwe ososayensi bezenhlalo, ama-ethnobotanists kanye nezazi zemvelo zasensimini zisetshenziselwe ukuhlola nokwenza imephu yeziqhingi ezingcwele zikaZagori. 173 Abantu bendawo babambe iqhaza kulezi zifundo. Iningi lezimpimpi kwakungabantu abadala. Ehlobo lika 2009 a umbukiso wezithombe ngu-Andre Bakker yadonsela ukunakekela odabeni. Lezi zindlela okwamanje zandiswa ngohlelo lwe-SAGE, isibonelo ucwaningo lwenhlobonhlobo yezinto eziphilayo ze-SNS, ukugxila kumaqembu athile wentela (izimbali, izinyoni, amalulwane, ubulembu, isikhunta, izinambuzane).
Kusukela 2000, izindlela zokubamba iqhaza ezisungulwe ososayensi bezenhlalo, ama-ethnobotanists kanye nezazi zemvelo zasensimini zisetshenziselwe ukuhlola nokwenza imephu yeziqhingi ezingcwele zikaZagori. 173 Abantu bendawo babambe iqhaza kulezi zifundo. Iningi lezimpimpi kwakungabantu abadala. Ehlobo lika 2009 a umbukiso wezithombe ngu-Andre Bakker yadonsela ukunakekela odabeni. Lezi zindlela okwamanje zandiswa ngohlelo lwe-SAGE, isibonelo ucwaningo lwenhlobonhlobo yezinto eziphilayo ze-SNS, ukugxila kumaqembu athile wentela (izimbali, izinyoni, amalulwane, ubulembu, isikhunta, izinambuzane).
Policy and Law
Izindawo ezingcwele eGrisi, njengakwamanye amazwe amaningi omhlaba kwakhiwa inethiwekhi yokongiwa kwemithunzi “engaziwa” kakhulu. Ezingeni lesikhungo umthetho wamaGrikhi, ivikela kuphela 51 Izikhumbuzo Zemvelo eziphathelene nezihlahla noma izihlahla ezithile ezinezitshalo ezithile, imvelo, obuhle, ukubaluleka komlando noma kwamasiko. Lokhu kushiya okungenani 99 % WamaGreek Sacred Natural Sites ngokusemthethweni angavikelekile. Lezi zikhumbuzo zamenyezelwa njengezivikelwe phakathi 1972 futhi 1986, ngaphansi kwe-N.D. 86/1969 zoMthetho Wehlathi, kepha ngenxa yezinguquko ezingeni lesikhungo kanye nendlela yokusebenza ebucayi, noma yisiphi isimemezelo seSikhumbuzo Semvelo sibhekene nokulibaziseka isikhathi eside.
Imiphumela
Njengomphumela wocwaningo lwe-ethnographic, ucwaningo nezethulo abameleli abaningi bendawo bezinhlangano zamasiko basondele kulolu hlelo becela izindlela zokwandisa ukuqwashisa nokuvikelwa kwamaSayithi Engcwele Engcwele endawo yabo. Abantu baphinde bacele izeluleko ezisebenzayo zokuphatha ngokwanele izihlahla ezingcwele zomakadebona ezigodini zabo.
Njengomphumela wocwaningo lwe-ethnographic, ucwaningo nezethulo abameleli abaningi bendawo bezinhlangano zamasiko basondele kulolu hlelo becela izindlela zokwandisa ukuqwashisa nokuvikelwa kwamaSayithi Engcwele Engcwele endawo yabo. Abantu baphinde bacele izeluleko ezisebenzayo zokuphatha ngokwanele izihlahla ezingcwele zomakadebona ezigodini zabo.
"Esikhathini esedlule abantu abaningi babenikela amasimu kanye nezivini eSontweni. Izalukazi ezazivame ukuyosiza ekulimeni ukumba izivini zazithi: "Shake izicathulo zakho ukuze ungahambi nomhlaba ongcwele uhambe nawo". Ngisho nenhlabathi babengafuni ukuyithatha… Lokho kwakuyinhlonipho, manje inhlonipho isihambile." - † U-Athina Vlastou (1922-2010), ohlala esigodini saseDilofo, okwaxoxwa naye ku 10/7/2006.
Resources
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- I-Lagopoulos, I-A.F. (2002). O uranos pano sti gi. I-Teletourgies kathagiasis tou ellinikou paradosiakou oikismou kai proelefsi tous (Isibhakabhaka phezu koMhlaba. Imikhosi yobungcwele ezindaweni zokuhlala zendabuko zamaGrikhi nemvelaphi yazo). Izinhlelo ze-Odysseas, Athens [ngesiGreki].
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- Okudala, K., Tsiakiris, R. futhi Wong, J. (2012). Izihlahla ezingcwele nezixuku eZagori, INational Pindos National Park, Greece. In: IsiPungetti, Gl., Oviedo, G., uHooke, D. (Eds). Lesitshalo Engcwele Amasayithi. Intuthuko Conservation Biocultural. Cambridge University Press, I-U.K.
- Okudala, K., uTsiakiris, R. (2010). I "izimfunda" lokho kwaba "amahlathi": Icala lamahlathi avikelayo eZagori, NW Greece, kk. 57-62. In: Sidiropoulou, A., AmaMantana, K., no-Ispikoudis, mina. (Eds). Izinqubo ze-7th Panhellenic Rangeland Congress eXanthi, 14-16 Okthoba 2010:“IBanga Lesayensi neLife Quality". UMnyango Wezemvelo, Amandla Nezinguquko Zesimo Sezulu., Directorate General for the Development and Protection of Forests and Natural Environment & Idlelo LaseHellenic Nenhlangano Yezindawo, UThesaloniki [ngesiGreki]: Buka Iwebhusayithi
- Okudala, K., Tsiakiris, R. (2010). Izihlahla ezindala zaseZagori njengezindawo zomlando nezimpawu zobungcwele. Izinqubo ze-6th imikhakha eyahlukene eMetsovo, 16-18 September 2010: "Ukuthuthukiswa okuhlanganisiwe kwezindawo zezintaba - ucwaningo olungemikhakha ehlukene, izifundo neminikelo, kuyasebenza, izenzo, amasu, izinqubomgomo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, imibono, amandla nokulinganiselwa ”. I-Inter-university Congress yeNational Technical University (NTUA) kanye neMetsovion Interdisciplinary Research Center (I-M.I.R.C.) we-N.T.U.A: [ngesiGreki]. Buka i-PDF
- Okudala, K., Tsiakiris, R., Wong, J. (2009). Izihlahla zomhlaba nezingcwele: Imibono yezihlahla eZagori (Intaba iPindos, Epirus, Greece). In: USaratsi, E. (ed). Amasiko eWoodland Esikhathini Nesikhala, izinganekwane ezivela kumilayezo edlule yekusasa, Ukushicilelwa Kwembungu, Athens, Greece, kk. 220-227.
- Umphathi, Ch. (1991). Amademoni noDeveli. Ukucabanga kokuziphatha emasikweni amaGreek amaNamuhla. IPrinceton University Press, E-New Jersey.
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