Ukukholelwa Winti kusiza Amahlathi ukuvikela e Suriname

ICeiba Pentandra yaziwa njengesihlahla esingcwele kulo lonke elaseLatin America. Nakhu kumi, kusindiswe ekugawuleni nasekuthuthukiseni, IParamaribo, iSuriname. (Umthombo: C. van de Hoeven)

    "Ngafunda kwabadala ukuthi awusoze wasika isihlahla sikatakama (UParkia spp.). Intsha kulezi zinsuku iyazigawula, abantu abasuka edolobheni manje bafika bangene ekujuleni kwehlathi bezofuna amagxolo alesi sihlahla, ngoba ayisamili lapho. ” - Brokopondo, umelaphi waseSaramaccan Maroon.

    ISuriname inamahlathi amaningi angcwele kepha awekho awaziwa yizikhungo ngaphandle kwamakholwa amaWinti. Inkolo yamaWinti yayihamba nokuhweba ngezigqila isuka eNtshonalanga Afrika iye eSuriname. Ngemuva kwamakhulu eminyaka kucindezelwa yisonto, lezi zinkolelo zisatholakala kakhulu ezweni futhi kulezi zinsuku imikhuba yamaWinti isenziwa ngokusobala. Ingxenye enkulu yale masiko iqukethe ukuphatha izitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo zemilingo ezivela ezweni lonke.

    Ukuhweba ngalezi zitshalo kunikeza ingxenye enkulu yokuhweba kwezitshalo okwelapha okwelapha: 56 amaphesenti ezinhlobo ezithengiswa ezimakethe zezitshalo zokwelapha zinokufaka okukodwa noma okuningi emicimbini yamadlozi, ukugeza ngamakhambi noma iziphonso zokuzivikela. Eziningi zalezi zinhlobo zitshalwa ngabathengisi, abanye bavuna endle, kepha ikakhulukazi akuveli kumasayithi angcwele. Umthelela oqondile wokuvunwa kwalezi zitshalo ku-ecology yezindawo ezingezona ezingcwele awaziwa, kodwa zimbalwa kuphela izitshalo ezingcwele ezibonakala zincipha ngenxa yesivuno sentengiso (UVan Andel & IHavinga, 2008). Uhlobo olulodwa lomuthi ongcwele obalulekile ezweni yi UCeiba pentandra, okuhlala futhi kuvikele izinhlobo eziningi zama-epiphyte, izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinambuzane ngisho namaxoxo.

    abagcina
    Isiko lamaWinti linemikhawulo eminingi ezindleleni zokuphatha imvelo, okungachazwa ngenkolelo yokuthi imimoya yendawo ivikela amahlathi angcwele futhi ithukuthele lapho abantu bengena endaweni yabo ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo. Abanye abelaphi bendabuko baba nezingxoxo ezinde nonkulunkulu basehlathini ngaphambi kokungena ezindleleni zehlathi, bechaza isizathu sokuvakasha kwabo nendlela abazobakhokhela ngayo ngemuva kwalokhu kuphazamiseka.

    Imikhawulo yemikhawulo yokuvuna ngokweqile endaweni. Ngokwesibonelo, bambalwa abaseSurinamese abazozivolontiya ukunciphisa a Ceiba isihlahla, a UParkia umuthi noma umkhiwane oklinyiwe, besaba impindiselo esabekayo yabakhileyo bayo abangaphezu kwemvelo. Abantu abaningi futhi besaba amandla omlingo wezitshalo ezifana ILycopodiella cernua futhi I-Dicranopteris flexuosa. Abathengisi bezimakethe bathatha ngokungathí sina amasiko amasiko. Lapho amaklayenti ezosola ukuthi le mithetho ayilandelwa, bazoyeka ngokushesha ukuthenga imikhiqizo yabo.

    Isimo
    Ngenxa yokusongelwa; Ukukhula okusongelayo(s), zingaba sengcupheni esikhathini esizayo lapho kungenzeka kube khona ukulahleka okuphawulekayo.

    izinsongo
    Izinsongo kumasiko endawo nemvelo eSuriname zikhona muva nje, kepha okwamanje abacindezeli kakhulu. Noma kunjalo lesi simo singashintsha ngokushesha futhi kungadingeka ukuphuthuma. Usongo olukhulu kakhulu lubonakala iqiniso lokuthi amahlathi acwebile akuleli adonse ukunakekelwa kwezinkampani eziningana zamazwe ngamazwe ezithanda ezokuvakasha, ukhuni oluqinile lwasendaweni eshisayo, amaminerali ayigugu, amandla kagesi kagesi kanye neminye imithombo yemvelo. Njengoba uhulumeni waseSuriname njengamanje ephethe umhlaba omningi, Abantu baseSurinamese abazethembi ngokwenzekayo mayelana nezindawo zabo ezingcwele zemvelo. Okwamanje, amaqembu amaningi amaPentekoste andisa ithonya lawo ezigodini zaseMaroon. Amanye ala maqembu abekezelela ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo zokwelapha ezifweni zomzimba, kodwa bonke bakulahla ngokuqinile ukukhulekelwa kwemimoya yamaWinti nezindawo ezingcwele zamadlozi. Ulwazi lokuqala lwesizwe lokuthi izitshalo zathola kanjani amandla azo omlingo, owabanika amagama abo, kungani umoya ngamunye ukhetha izitshalo ezithile noma izilwane nokuthi izindawo ezithile zaba ngcwele kanjani zigcinwa kuphela inani elincane labadala. Isizathu sangemva kobungcwele nokuvikelwa kwaso asinamaphepha futhi sisengozini enkulu.

    Vision
    Ngobuningi bayo obuncane kanye namapheshana amakhulu ehlathi lemvula elingaphazanyiswa, ISuriname ivame ukuqokwa njengomuntu ozongenela izinhlelo zokugwema ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Izwe lingathola imali enkulu ngokuthengisa ‘izikweletu zalo zekhabhoni’ emazweni athuthukile ahluleka ukuhlangabezana nemikhawulo yokukhishwa. Uma umhlaba wokhokho uqashelwa ngokusemthethweni amasinki ekhabhoni, ukuvikelwa kwabo kuyaqinisekiswa, njengoba ukubambisana kwabantu bendawo kuhlala kuyinto esemqoka ekuvikeleni imvelo. Ulwazi lwezemvelo nolwezenkolo lweMaroon kufanele kusukela manje kubhekwe ngabenzi benqubomgomo lapho bekhetha izindawo ezivikelekile futhi behlela amaphrojekthi entuthuko esizayo.

    Lo muntu weMaroon (ongaziwa) inikeza infusions yamakhambi yenjabulo nenhlanhla eParamaribo idolobha iSuriname. (Photo: C. van de Hoeven)

    Coalition
    Ithimba Lezokulondolozwa kwe-Amazon lisekela amaNdiya angamaTrio nawaseWayana ekwenzeni imephu yezindawo zawo zendabuko, kufaka phakathi amasayithi anomlando nokubaluleka okungcwele. Futhi basekela ama-Ndyuka Maroons ekwenzeni imephu cishe 2 amahektha ayizigidi amasimu wendabuko.

    Action
    AmaMaroon Omdabu aseqalile ukudweba izindawo zawo ngemizamo yokufuna isivumelwano okuxoxiswene ngaso nohulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abacwaningi babonisa intshisekelo ezinkolelweni ezingokwesiko zamaMaroon, ukufaka isandla ekulondolozweni kwefa labo.

    Imiphumela
    Okusanda, inhlangano yabaholi basemzaneni waseMaroon iphumelele emzabalazweni wayo wokubamba iqhaza okukhulu ezinqumweni ezenziwe ngokuxhashazwa kwemithombo yemvelo. Ezinye izifundo seziqalile ukubhala phansi izitshalo ezingcwele, kodwa usemkhulu umsebenzi okusamele wenziwe.

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