Site
Abaningi babheka emangalisayo idwala elineziqongo kanye zezindela ku Montserrat ukuba inhliziyo ezingokomoya Catalonia. Kutholwe ngaphakathi Barcelona edolobheni zingabantu kuphela 50 km kude nomuzi etholakala endaweni evikelwe. Wendawo Benedictine umphakathi wezindela abanakekela Montserrat ngoba bakha 1025. Montserat idonse njalo-pilgrim kodwa kusukela '80s, Montserrat umamukele ukunyusa isibalo izivakashi, kulinganiselwa ukuthi e-amashumi ezigidi. Kanye neBhodi kwendawo evikelwe nakomasipala basekhaya, izindela baye balwela ukukhumula alondoloze zemvelo eziyingqayizivele, Amanani kwamasiko nenkolo ka Montserrat nezihlangu ke ezinsongweni ebuzwe muzi ezikhulayo eduze.
izinsongo
Ukudilika komhlaba, idwala liyawa, iziphepho nemililo yehlathi bekulokhu kusongela izitshalo nezilwane zasendaweni yonke le minyaka futhi kungahle kube kubi kakhulu ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishintshayo. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1800, ingcindezi yabavakashi esizeni ikhule kancane, nezinombolo zezivakashi manje sezifinyelela inani eliphelele 3 million ngonyaka. Kulezi, abanye 2,3 izigidi zigxile esigodlweni sezindela saseSanta Maria futhi zinomthelela omkhulu ekuthuleni nasekuthuleni kwendawo yezindela. Ezindaweni ezingezansi kwentaba, Ukufudukela emadolobheni kusabalala ngokushesha futhi kuthinta ukuxhumana kwemvelo nokwakheka komhlaba nezintaba ezingomakhelwane.
Ilanga lakusihlwa lishona phezu kwentaba kanye namandla okuhlinzeka izivakashi ezisele kanye nezakhamizi ngemibono emangalisayo emasimini azungezile abambe ngokuhlonipha. (Photo: I-Bas Verschuuren.)
Vision
Ukuthula futhi sizindla kufanele ahlale emaphakathi kule ongcwele indawo yemvelo abahlonishwa, nokuphathwa izinhlelo baqondiswa ngaleyo ndlela. Imikhandlu eminingana yamadolobha icela ukwandiswa kobuso bomhlaba ovikelwe ngendlela yepaki yezolimo ezifundeni eziphansi zentaba. Le ntuthuko izosiza ukuvikela isiza ekungenelweni yidolobha futhi ifake isandla kakhulu ekuthuleni nasekuthuleni ezihlahleni zeminqumo eziphansi.
Action
In 2006 i-workshop yokuqala ye-Delos Initiative yahlelwa eMontserrat ngokubambisana phakathi kwe-IUCN, iBhodi yePaki, uMnyango Wezemvelo waseCatalonia neziphathimandla zezindela. Imibono ehlukahlukene yashintshaniswa nababambiqhaza abakhulu kanye neCatalan Federation of Hiking and Climbing Clubs, ngoba izingqinamba nezindonga zaseMontserrat nakho kuyindawo ekhuphuka kakhulu. Iworkshop isebenze njengendawo yokuqala yokwakhiwa kwamapulani asebenza ngokusebenzisana phakathi kwezintshisekelo namanani ahlukahlukene asengozini eMontserrat.
Policy and Law
Ngenkathi imizamo yokumemezela iMontserrat njengesiqiwi iqale 1902, ukushaywa uqobo yiPhalamende laseCatalonia kwenzeka ngo 1989, ngenkathi kumenyezelwa njengePaki Yemvelo (IUCN Isigaba V) ezungeze isiqiwu semvelo (IUCN Isigaba III). Cishe 75 % yendawo evikelwe kungokwomphakathi wezindela noma kuhulumeni waseCatalan. Ipaki esele, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphansi, impahla yangasese. Ipaki yonke ifakiwe kwi-European Natura 2000 inethiwekhi.
ISigodlo Montserrat itholakala kuphela 50 angu kude Barcelona namaphethelo. It uthola mayelana 3 abayizigidi ezingu izivakashi njalo ngonyaka kodwa elibamba indawo eyingqayizivele serene nge ngezitshalo nangezilwane eziphila kuzo ezibalulekile eziningana. (Photo: bass Verschuuren)
Ecology Biodiversity
IMontserrat inobuso cishe bokuthi 45 km² futhi iqukethe ikakhulukazi ama-Tertiary rock conglomerates namatshe esanti. Yize amadwala amaningi engenalutho, ezinye zimbozwe uhlaza lwaseMedithera, ngenkathi amahlathi e-evergreen Holm oki esungulwa ezindaweni ezinenhlabathi eyanele. IMontserrat iyikhaya 1200 ikhombe isitshalo semithambo, 40 zazo ezingavamile noma ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, njenge ukunuka okumnandi, URamonda myconi futhi Saxifraga callosa. Isayithi liphinde lahlalwa yi-Ibex yaseSpain esengozini futhi engajwayelekile (ICapra hispanica) noKhozi lukaBonelli (Ukhozi oluboshiwe).
I-Vistas yezinsika eziwubukhazikhazi ezizungeze isigodlo saseMontserrat zisetshenziswa ngabagibeli nabaqhamuki ngokufanayo ukuze bakhuphukele ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. (Photo: bass Verschuuren)
abagcina
Iduna Benedictine umphakathi wezindela Montserrat osephile entabeni cishe ngemva kweminyaka eyinkulungwane. Kuwo wonke amakhulu eminyaka Hermits baye matasa zokukhosela angawodwa etholakala ezifundeni ezikude kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile engenhla kwetinhlavu idwala. Umphakathi wezindela wesifazane wasungulwa kwenye ingxenye yentaba cishe 50 iminyaka edlule. Kokubili imiphakathi yabesilisa neyabesifazane eyizindela yabelana ngokwazisa ngendawo engcwele nomphakathi lapho ihlonipha khona izindinganiso ezinjengokuthula nokuzindla. Bachaza intaba engcwele njengeyinenani lezenkolo nelingokomfanekiso ngakho-ke bebehlala beyivulekele izivakashi nezinye izivakashi. Enye yezinselelo ezihlala njalo zezindela ukudlulisa lezi zimiso ezihlukile kanye nezindawo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, baphatha izindawo zomphakathi kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwezivakashi kuleyo ndawo ngenkathi besebenzisa izindlela zokunciphisa umthelela wezemvelo namasiko ezindaweni ezisengcupheni.
Ukusebenza ndawonye
Lokhu epaki uhlukile yokuthi lebhodi labaphathi be yenganyelwe ngumengameli Catalan kuyilapho wesigodlo inhloko yalawa Isigodlo Santa Maria ukhonza njengelungu umongameli Vice. izindela Izigodlo ukumela umphakathi wabo wonke amaqembu ezinkulu zendawo. Ubudlelwano omasipala abane ezizungezile ngokuvamile eziyinkimbinkimbi kodwa omuhle. Nakuba esikhathini esidlule kuye kwaba izingxabano ku ekusetshenzisweni, umphakathi wezindela manje ohileleke inkhulumomphendvulwano obuhle wedolobha lendawo esiza idedela ingcindezi ukuthi ingakhula ibe nkulu ezimweni ukungqubuzana. A izinkampani ezizimele sidalwe umphakathi wezindela e 1912, ukukhonza ukuphatha wonke amasevisi esesidlangalaleni Monastery. Okusanda, the Monastery futhi azihlanganisa ne Delos Initiative of IUCN ujulisa futhi wandisa imizamo ukudidiyela le namagugu angaphatheki e nature nokongiwa.
Kusihlwa okuthula isigodlo sezindela saseBlack Madona sisendaweni ethulile yelanga lakusihlwa futhi kulula ukuhanjiswa yimvelo yayo ethulile. (Photo: bass Verschuuren)amathuluzi Conservation
Ngokulawula imithombo yemvelo ngokukhalipha nangendlela ephumelelayo, umphakathi wezindela kade wagcina inani eliphakeme lemvelo eMontserrat. Muva nje bathumele amathuluzi amasha nezindlela zokuvikela imvelo ezungezile. IPark Board manje isekela omasipala bendawo ukumelana nokukhula kwamadolobha nezingcindezi. Ukusungulwa kwamasu ezindleleni zokuhamba kudonsela ukunaka komphakathi kude namakhemikhali asasetshenziselwa ukukhosela ngokomoya futhi avikele abanye ekucekelweni phansi.
Imiphumela
Ukusebenzisana okusondelene nomasipala abaseduze kuholele ekumenyezelweni kwalesi siza njengePaki Yemvelo (35 km²) kanye nesiqiwu semvelo (17 km²) kanye nendawo yebhafa emayelana 42 km²: umphumela wokuqala obalulekile ekumelaneni nokudlulela emadolobheni esizeni. Umphakathi wezindela ugcina isikhundla esiqinile ebhodini lePaki.
Indawo yokusebenzela yokuqala yeDelos Initiative ku 2006 kubangele incwadi ethakazelisayo, enyatheliswa yindlu yokushicilela yaseMontserrat, equkethe iSimemezelo esifingqa iziphetho eziyinhloko, kanye nemininingwane ebalulekile futhi efinyeleleka kabanzi ngezinyathelo zokongiwa kweMontserrat kanye nakwamanye amasayithi emvelo angcwele emazweni athuthukile kwezobuchwepheshe.
- UMallarach JM noPapayannis T. (Eds.). 2006. Ezivikelwe nezomoya. Ekuqhubeni i-workshop ye lokuqala Delos Initiative - Montserrat. Ukushicilelwa kwe-IUCN nePAM. Montserrat.
- Delos Initiative: www.med-ina.org/delos/
